Table 3 Logistic regression results on perceptions of healthcare quality under NHIS and ownership of health insurance

Better

1

[1, 1]

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Same

0.708^**

[0.574,0.874]

0.699^**

[0.561,0.871]

0.868

[0.644,1.168]

0.973

[0.724,1.308]

Worse

0.453^***

[0.373,0.549]

0.456^***

[0.375,0.554]

0.697^*

[0.515,0.944]

0.781

[0.575,1.062]

None

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Primary

1.117

[0.902,1.384]

0.715

[0.476,1.073]

Secondary

1.325^**

[1.087,1.615]

0.946

[0.664,1.347]

Higher/Tertiary

2.196^***

[1.450,3.327]

1.456

[0.795,2.668]

Poorest

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Poorer

1.097

[0.831,1.446]

1.506^*

[1.002,2.262]

Middle

1.181

[0.884,1.578]

1.465

[0.933,2.298]

Richer

1.201

[0.865,1.668]

2.159^**

[1.289,3.614]

Richest

1.709^**

[1.183,2.470]

3.047^***

[1.661,5.590]

Western

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Central

0.763

[0.521,1.116]

1.871

[0.968,3.617]

Greater Accra

1.272

[0.800,2.023]

2.051

[1.000,4.208]

Volta

1.268

[0.804,1.998]

3.314^**

[1.601,6.863]

Eastern

1.260

[0.824,1.927]

1.317

[0.713,2.435]

Ashanti

0.470^***

[0.317,0.696]

1.168

[0.651,2.097]

Brong-Ahafo

1.681^*

[1.128,2.506]

1.849^*

[1.094,3.126]

Northern

2.749^***

[1.678,4.502]

2.498^*

[1.222,5.105]

Upper East

0.973

[0.633,1.496]

7.344^***

[3.485,15.48]

Upper West

9.494^***

[3.753,24.02]

11.11^***

[4.275,28.87]

Urban

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Rural

0.911

[0.718,1.156]

1.106

[0.763,1.603]

Never in union

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

1.373^**

[1.125,1.676]

1.389

[0.938,2.057]

0.971

[0.739,1.276]

1.001

[0.565,1.774]

15–19

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

20–24

0.760^*

[0.608,0.950]

0.708

[0.493,1.016]

25–29

0.968

[0.735,1.274]

0.570^*

[0.362,0.898]

30–34

1.088

[0.815,1.453]

0.578

[0.326,1.022]

35–39

0.990

[0.730,1.342]

1.127

[0.623,2.037]

40–44

0.922

[0.670,1.268]

0.774

[0.434,1.379]

45–49

1.341

[0.941,1.913]

1.141

[0.593,2.196]

50–54

–

–

1.033

[0.547,1.950]

55–59

–

–

0.873

[0.424,1.801]

Orthodox Christian

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Pentecostal

0.888

[0.751,1.051]

1.240

[0.921,1.669]

Other Christian

1.007

[0.787,1.288]

0.634^**

[0.468,0.860]

Moslem

0.920

[0.706,1.200]

0.952

[0.638,1.419]

Traditional/Others

1.055

[0.716,1.554]

0.563^**

[0.399,0.794]

Akan

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Ga/Dangme

1.212

[0.825,1.781]

1.856^*

[1.043,3.302]

Ewe

1.364

[0.972,1.912]

0.893

[0.533,1.498]

Mole-Dagbani

1.207

[0.900,1.619]

1.465

[0.912,2.354]

Gurma

1.589

[0.996,2.535]

0.581^*

[0.339,0.997]

Others

1.332^*

[1.001,1.773]

0.855

[0.513,1.425]

Not working

1

[1,1]

1

[1,1]

Professional/Managerial

1.124

[0.800,1.577]

0.813

[0.459,1.442]

Sales/Services

0.996

[0.826,1.201]

0.477^**

[0.291,0.783]

Agricultural worker

0.788

[0.619,1.004]

0.429^***

[0.272,0.676]

Skilled/Unskilled

0.858

[0.673,1.095]

0.452^***

[0.289,0.706]

Yes

2.593^***

[1.942,3.462]

_Cons

5.905^***

[5.001,6.973]

2.717^***

[1.667,4.429]

4.928^***

[3.867,6.280]

1.604

[0.727,3.539]

AIC

7410.6

6940.2

2713.8

2473.3

N

7552

7551

2774

2774