Table 1 Perception of service quality by holding NHIS by socioeconomic status among Ghanaian females
From: Perception of quality of health delivery and health insurance subscription in Ghana
Explanatory variables | Perception of service quality by holding NHIS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Better (%) | Same (%) | Worse (%) | N | |
Highest educational level (χ2 = 128.66; p < 0.000) | ||||
No education | 39.5 | 36.7 | 23.8 | 1,332 |
Primary | 35.3 | 35.4 | 29.3 | 1,219 |
Secondary | 33.1 | 31.1 | 35.8 | 4,265 |
Higher | 19.5 | 35.7 | 44.8 | 487 |
Wealth index (χ2 = 259.17; p < 0.000) | ||||
Poorest | 45.5 | 33.8 | 20.7 | 1,155 |
Poorer | 42.2 | 33.3 | 24.5 | 1,214 |
Middle | 35.5 | 31.9 | 32.6 | 1,496 |
Richer | 29.4 | 33.1 | 37.5 | 1,670 |
Richest | 22.9 | 33.7 | 43.4 | 1,767 |
Region (χ2 = 722.82; p < 0.000) | ||||
Western | 56.0 | 31.7 | 12.3 | 841 |
Central | 38.4 | 40.7 | 20.9 | 636 |
Greater Accra | 18.4 | 42.6 | 39.1 | 1,237 |
Volta | 28.6 | 31.4 | 40.0 | 598 |
Eastern | 48.6 | 25.0 | 26.4 | 713 |
Ashanti | 18.8 | 27.3 | 53.9 | 1,478 |
Brong-Ahafo | 34.1 | 27.2 | 38.7 | 683 |
Northern | 44.4 | 37.4 | 18.2 | 602 |
Upper East | 41.7 | 41.9 | 16.3 | 326 |
Upper West | 47.7 | 27.7 | 24.5 | 185 |
Type of place of residence (χ2 = 154.54; p < 0.000) | ||||
Urban | 26.6 | 34.0 | 39.5 | 3,940 |
Rural | 42.2 | 32.2 | 25.7 | 3,363 |
Current marital status (χ2 = 12.45; p < 0.014) | ||||
Never in union | 34.8 | 31.9 | 33.4 | 2,279 |
Currently in union/living with a mans | 33.6 | 33.8 | 32.5 | 4,314 |
Formerly in union/living with a man | 30.9 | 33.3 | 35.8 | 710 |
Age (χ2 = 36.35; p < 0.000) | ||||
15–19 | 38.3 | 34.9 | 26.8 | 1,189 |
20–24 | 34.2 | 30.9 | 34.8 | 1,232 |
25–29 | 32.3 | 33.6 | 34.2 | 1,298 |
30–34 | 29.9 | 34.8 | 35.3 | 1,081 |
35–39 | 34.3 | 33.0 | 32.7 | 1,064 |
40–44 | 31.7 | 32.4 | 36.0 | 799 |
45–49 | 35.4 | 31.8 | 32.7 | 638 |
Religion (χ2 = 80.88; p < 0.000) | ||||
Orthodox | 34.6 | 32.4 | 33.0 | 1,866 |
Pentecostal | 30.3 | 33.5 | 36.3 | 2,920 |
Other Christian | 36.4 | 28.6 | 34.9 | 1,054 |
Islam | 37.6 | 35.4 | 27.0 | 1,181 |
Traditional/others | 38.0 | 42.3 | 19.7 | 281 |
Ethnicity (χ2 = 183.00; p < 0.000) | ||||
Akan | 33.8 | 31.0 | 35.2 | 3,665 |
Ga/Dangme | 32.2 | 34.8 | 33.0 | 495 |
Ewe | 28.0 | 33.3 | 38.7 | 938 |
Mole-Dagbani | 41.6 | 32.1 | 26.2 | 1,160 |
Gurma | 30.1 | 50.0 | 19.9 | 378 |
Others | 31.0 | 35.7 | 33.2 | 620 |
Occupation (χ2 = 117.76; p < 0.000) | ||||
Not working | 38.8 | 34.6 | 26.7 | 1,705 |
Professional/Managerial | 23.9 | 30.9 | 45.3 | 533 |
Sales/Services | 29.7 | 32.7 | 37.6 | 2,830 |
Agricultural worker | 41.6 | 33.0 | 25.5 | 1,325 |
Skilled/Unskilled | 31.5 | 33.4 | 35.1 | 896 |