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Table 3 Health Care Utilization among Adolescents in last 12 months across Sites by Gender

From: A mixed methods study to examine the influence of the neighborhood social context on adolescent health service utilization

 

Baltimore

Female W % (U %, N)

Male W % (U %, N)

New Delhi

Female W % (U %, N)

Male W % (U %, N)

Ibadan

Female W % (U %, N)

Male W % (U %, N)

Johannesburg

Female W % (U %, N)

Male W % (U %, N)

Shanghai

Female W % (U %, N)

Male W % (U %, N)

Female (n)

Male (n)

188

251

250

250

222

213

224

272

215

220

Contact with a health care provider in the last 12 months ***

83.0 (78.2, 147)**

64.8 (65.9, 164)**

51.5 (51.0, 127)**

63.9 (62.7, 156)**

36.5 (37.8, 84)

43.9 (44.6, 95)

63.0 (64.7, 145)

61.7 (58.8, 160)

42.5 (45.1, 87)

33.5 (36.4, 80)

Been sick or needed a health care provider ***

53.7 (51.1, 96)*

37.0 (39.8, 100)*

46.5 (50.0, 125)*

61.0 (60.8, 152)*

35.9 (38.0, 84)*

37.9 (37.1, 79)*

59.0 (61.6, 138)*

40.9 (44.1, 120)*

36.2 (37.4, 80)**

22.6 (22.7, 50)**

Reasons for Seeking Care in the last 12 months (among those who report being sick or needing a health care provider)

Female (n)

Male (n)

97

96

124

147

89

82

138

119

79

49

Sickness (e.g. flu, fever, diarrhea, etc.)

60.4 (51.6, 50)

63.3 (43.8, 42)

65.6 (67.0, 83)

71.2 (68.0, 100)

48.5 (52.8, 47)

48.4 (51.2, 42)

74.9 (75.4, 104)***

48.1 (53.9, 64)***

85.3 (91.1, 72)

78.2 (77.6, 38)

Annual physical/sports check-up

26.5 (25.8, 25)**

14.5 (21.9, 21)**

12.5 (12.1, 15)

14.4 (16.3, 24)

7.0 (6.7, 6)

13.2 (11.0, 9)

4.7 (3.6, 5)

5.8 (8.4, 10)

15.9 (13.9, 11)

11.9 (14.3, 7)

Chronic disease issue (diabetes, asthma, etc.)

10.0 (5.2, 5)***

2.3 (5.2, 5)***

9.0 (8.9, 11)

4.0 (2.7, 4)

1.7 (2.3, 2)

1.4 (1.2, 1)

8.1 (9.4, 13)

7.4 (4.2, 5)

1.6 (2.5, 2)

5.6 (4.1, 2)

Reproductive health (contraceptives/condoms, pregnancy testing, etc.)

4.7 (6.2, 6)**

0.1 (1.0, 1)**

1.6 (0.8, 1)

2.0 (1.4, 2)

0 (0, 0)

4.6 (2.4, 2)

10.0 (6.5, 9)***

1.0 (1.7, 2)***

1.0 (1.3, 1)***

5.0 (2.0, 1)***

HIV testing or treatment

2.9 (2.1, 2)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

2.0 (1.4, 2)

0 (0, 0)

1.2 (1.2, 1)

1.2 (2.9, 4)***

8.2 (7.6, 9)***

0 (0, 0)*

5.0 (2.0, 1)*

STI diagnosis or treatment

4.6 (3.1, 3)

2.9 (1.0, 1)

2.7 (2.4, 3)**

0.2 (0.7, 1)**

3.9 (3.4, 3)

5.5 (3.7, 3)

1.7 (2.9, 4)***

4.7 (4.2, 5)***

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

Mental health (counseling, diagnosis, treatment) ***

5.7 (7.2, 7)

3.2 (4.2, 4)

3.1 (3.2, 4)

2.8 (2.0, 3)

0 (0, 0)

1.9 (1.2, 1)

0.5 (1.5, 2)

0.5 (0.8, 1)

1.7 (2.5, 2)**

9.3 (6.1, 3)**

Injury, accident or violence ***

8.0 (10.3, 10)

8.1 (8.3, 8)

18.4 (21.0, 26)

12.9 (15.0, 22)

3.4 (5.6, 5)

6.8 (7.3, 6)

4.5 (4.4, 6)*

12.5 (10.1, 12)*

10.7 (6.3, 5)

14.1 (10.2, 5)

Alcohol or substance use ***

0.7 (1.0, 1)

0.7 (1.0, 1)

1.6 (1.6, 2)

1.3 (1.4, 2)

1.1 (1.1, 1)**

0.3 (1.2, 1)**

1.3 (1.5, 2)*

7.3 (7.6, 9)*

4.8 (5.1, 4)*

12.2 (4.1, 2)*

Other ***

9.4 (19.6, 19)

15.7 (22.9, 22)

16.9 (16.1, 20)

9.6 (9.5, 14)

12.2 (11.2, 10)

10.5 (13.4, 11)

6.4 (10.9, 15)

6.5 (6.7, 8)

16.1 (13.9, 11)

20.0 (24.5, 12)

None ***

5.2 (7.2, 7)***

10.3 (16.7, 16)***

11.4 (10.5, 13)

9.8 (8.2, 12)

20.0 (18.0, 16)

13.5 (12.2, 10)

1.7 (2.9, 4)***

8.6 (6.7, 8)***

0 (0, 0)

2.2 (4.1, 2)

  1. *p < .05; **p < .01;***p < .001