Table 1 Social factor measures
Social factor indicator | Component items |
|---|---|
Adult social support | |
 Caring male adult at home | There is a male presently in your home who: |
|  |  - expects you to follow the rules. |
|  |  - believes that you will be successful. |
|  |  - you can turn to when you have a problem. |
|  |  - listens to you when you have something to say. 12 |
 Caring female at home | There is a male presently in your home who: |
|  |  - expects you to follow the rules. |
|  |  - believes that you will be successful. |
|  |  - you can turn to when you have a problem. |
|  |  - listens to you when you have something to say. |
 Caring adult at school | Has there been a teacher or some other adult in your school who |
|  |  - really cared about you. |
|  |  - told you when you do a good job. |
|  |  - noticed when you were not there. |
|  |  - always wanted you to do your best. |
|  |  - listened to you when you had something to say. |
|  |  - who believed that you would be successful. |
| Â | Responses: Never True (0) Sometimes True (1) Often True (2) Always True (3); Range: 0-12 |
Peer social support | Â |
 Social support | I have at least one friend: |
|  |  - that I can trust. |
|  |  - who would lend me money if I needed it. |
|  |  - I can talk to about family problems or real personal problems. |
|  |  - that I find it easy to talk to about sex. |
|  |  - I would turn to if I were in trouble. |
|  |  - who accepts me for who I really am. |
| Â | Response Options: Agree a lot (0) Agree a little (1) Disagree a little (2) |
Disagree a lot (3); Range: 0-18 | |
Neighborhood social factors | Â |
 Sense of belonging |  - I feel connected to most people in this neighborhood. |
|  |  - I know most of the people in this neighborhood. |
|  |  - I feel like I am part of a community in this neighborhood. |
| Â | Response Options: Agree a lot (0) Agree a little (1) Disagree a little (2) Disagree a lot (3); Range: 0-18 |
 Perceived fear | How afraid are you: |
|  |  - of being attacked or robbed when you are out with other people in your neighborhood at night? |
|  |  - of being attacked or robbed when you are out alone in your neighborhood at night? |
|  |  - when you are on the street in your neighborhood during the day? |
|  |  - in your neighborhood when you are on your way to school or work? |
|  |  - when you are at school or work? |
|  |  - when you are at home in your house or apartment? |
|  | Response Options: Not at all (0) A little (1) Somewhat (2) Very fearful (3); Range 0–18 |
 Witnessing community violence | In the past 12 months, how often: |
|  |  - did you hear guns being shot in your neighborhood? |
|  |  - did you see somebody get arrested in your neighborhood? |
|  |  - did you see drug deals in your neighborhood? |
|  |  - did you see gangs in your neighborhood? |
|  |  - did you see someone being beaten up in your neighborhood? |
|  |  - was your house broken into? |
|  |  - did you see somebody in your neighborhood pull a gun, knife, or other weapon on another person? |
|  |  - did you see someone get killed in your neighborhood? |
|  | Response Options: Never (0) – Once or more (1); Range 0–8 |