Measurement and valuation of health providers’ time for the management of childhood pneumonia in rural Malawi: an empirical study

Table 3 Human resources time and costs for severe and very severe pneumonia case management at Mchinji District Hospital

	All	Severe pneumonia	Very severe pneumonia	P-value
Mean time (SD), minutes
Senior clinical cadres	3.26 (8.22)	2.93 (7.94)	3.67 (8.68)	0.37
Clinical cadres	73.27 (34.76)	72.29 (37.68)	74.42 (31.76)	0.41
Support staff	11.44 (14.98)	7.28 (7.27)	16.29 (19.75)	0.01
HR costs, US$
Cost per child	30.99	29.52	32.69
Annual costs	24,947	14,817	9,906
One-way sensitivity analysis
Annual cost savings (range)	6,439
^a	(2,179–9,906)
^b	(−978–11,495)

^a Based on PCV-13 vaccine efficacy estimates of 65 % (range: 22–100 %) against all-cause very severe pneumonia and 0 % against all-cause severe pneumonia (McCollum ED, Nambiar, B, et al. Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on clinical and hypoxemic childhood pneumonia at the community, health centre and hospital levels over three years in Malawi: a time series analysis of two districts, under review)
^b Based on a +/− 25 % increase in the annual number of pneumonia inpatients under five years of age

ISSN: 1472-6963