Skip to main content

Table 6 Predictors of total hospital charges (inpatient + ED charges) among patients with hypertension hospitalized after presenting to ED with hypertension as the primary diagnosis

From: Emergency Department and Inpatient Healthcare utilization due to Hypertension

 

Univariate

 

Multivariable-adjusted

 
 

B-estimatea (95 % CI)

P-value

B-estimatea (95 % CI)

P-value

Age

 <50

Ref

 

Ref

 

 50- <65

4099.5 (2790.9, 5408.1)

<0.0001

3478.3 (2007.5, 4949.1)

<0.0001

 65- <80

7602.0 (5920.2, 9283.9)

<0.0001

4916.7 (3322.1, 6511.3)

<0.0001

 ≥80

5465.2 (3421.7, 7508.6)

<0.0001

1419.5 (−346.3, 3185.3)

0.1149

Gender

 Female (ref)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Male

2634.0 (1658.1, 3609.9)

<0.0001

273.2 (−603.8, 1150.2)

0.5410

Median household income

 1st quartile (< $38,999)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 2nd quartile ($39,000 to $47,999)

2807.9 (573.2, 5042.6)

0.0139

1551.8 (−519.5, 3623.2)

0.1418

 3rd quartile ($48,000 to $62999)

4816.3 (1994.3, 7638.3)

0.0008

2010.2 (−454.3, 4474.7)

0.1097

 4th quartile ($63,000 or more)

8879.6 (4721.0, 13038.2)

<0.0001

4122.0 (447.4, 7796.7)

0.0280

Primary payer

 Medicare

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Medicaid

109.4 (−2624.6, 2843.44)

0.9374

1633.7 (−1032.0, 4299.4)

0.2293

 Private insurance

−5403.9 (−6842.8, −3965.1)

<0.0001

−343.7 (−1752.1, 1064.8)

0.6320

 Self-pay/No charge

−9279.1 (−11307.1, −7251.05)

<0.0001

−2197.7 (−4074.3, −321.0)

0.0218

 Other

−5871.1 (−9599.0, −2143.1)

0.0021

−3775.8 (−6842.5, −709.2)

0.0159

Patient residence

 Micropolitan/not metro

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Metropolitan (large or small)

10950.6 (8508.3, 13392.9)

<0.0001

8651.8 (6361.1, 10942.5)

<0.0001

Hospital Region

 Northeast

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Midwest

−9957.2 (−16070.1, −3844.23)

0.0014

−9936.6 (−15814.5, −4058.8)

0.0010

 South

−5883.6 (−11886.2, 119.0)

0.0547

−5384.8 (−11298.4, 528.80)

0.0742

 West

14494.2 (7118.5, 21869.9)

0.0001

11992.9 (5047.4, 18938.3)

0.0007

Teaching status of hospital

 Metropolitan non –teaching or non-metro

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Metropolitan teaching

−1801.1 (−5304.5, 1702.3)

0.3131

−1094.6 (−4385.9, 2196.7)

0.5140

Comorbidities

 CHD (ref: no)

5309.5 (3931.5, 6687.6)

<0.0001

1403.8 (186.8, 2620.8)

0.0238

 Hyperlipidemia (ref: no)

−3780.9 (−4842.8, −2719.0)

<0.0001

−3947.7 (−4872.1, −3023.3)

<0.0001

 Renal failure (ref: no)

15161.4 (13324.7, 16998.1)

<0.0001

11217.3 (9614.5, 12820.1)

<0.0001

 Heart Failure (ref: no)

16095.3 (14106.3,18084.2)

<0.0001

11954.3 (10060.2, 13848.5)

<0.0001

 Gout (ref: no)

−2037.1 (−3945.0, −129.2)

0.0364

2219.1 (520.7, 3917.6)

0.0105

 Diabetes (ref: no)

3422.1 (2450.1, 4394.2)

<0.0001

−661.5 (−1662.0, 338.9)

0.1946

 COPD (ref: no)

7870.4 (5955.5, 9785.3)

<0.0001

2955.0 (1137.8, 4772.2)

0.0015

 Osteoarthritis (ref: no)

−4400.6 (−6279.1, −2522.1)

<0.0001

−2858.6 (−4473.5, −1243.7)

0.0005

  1. CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Significant beta coefficients are in bold
  2. aBeta-estimate from linear regression