From: Emergency Department and Inpatient Healthcare utilization due to Hypertension
Univariate | Multivariable-adjusted | |
---|---|---|
Odds Ratioa (95 % CI) | Odds Ratioa (95 % CI) | |
Age | ||
<50 | Ref | |
50- <65 | 0.62 (0.58, 0.68)*** | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81)*** |
65- <80 | 0.28 (0.25, 0.30)*** | 0.48 (0.43, 0.53)*** |
≥80 | 0.12 (0.11, 0.13)*** | 0.21 (0.18, 0.23)*** |
Gender | ||
Female | Ref | Ref |
Male | 1.28 (1.22, 1.34)*** | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11)* |
Median house hold income | ||
1st quartile (< $38,999) | Ref | Ref |
2nd quartile ($39,000 to $47,999) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
3rd quartile ($48,000 to $62999) | 0.89 (0.80, 0.98)* | 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) |
4th quartile ($63,000 or more) | 0.70 (0.64, 0.77)*** | 1.00 (0.90, 1.10) |
Primary payer | ||
Medicare | Ref | Ref |
Medicaid | 2.67 (2.46, 2.90)*** | 1.39 (1.25, 1.55)*** |
Private insurance | 4.29 (3.93, 4.68)*** | 2.07 (1.88, 2.27)*** |
Self-pay/No charge | 7.23 (6.53, 8.01)*** | 2.71 (2.35, 3.12)*** |
Other | 4.89 (3.92, 6.10)*** | 2.20 (1.76, 2.74)*** |
Patient location (residence) | ||
Micropolitan/not metro | Ref | Ref |
Metropolitan (large or small) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.80, 0.99)* |
Hospital Region | ||
Northeast | Ref | Ref |
Midwest | 1.27 (1.08, 1.50)** | 1.10 (0.94, 1.29) |
South | 1.56 (1.40, 1.74)*** | 1.45 (1.28, 1.64)*** |
West | 1.64 (1.41, 1.91)*** | 1.80 (1.55, 2.09)*** |
Teaching status of hospital | ||
Metropolitan non -teaching or non-metro | Ref | Ref |
Metropolitan teaching | 1.15 (1.02, 1.29)* | 1.15 (1.04, 1.28) |
Comorbidities | ||
CHD (ref: no) | 0.59 (0.56, 0.63)*** | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) |
Hyperlipidemia (ref: no) | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10)* | 1.28 (1.22, 1.35)*** |
Renal failure (ref: no) | 0.52 (0.48, 0.55)*** | 0.75 (0.71, 0.80)*** |
Heart Failure (ref: no) | 0.36 (0.34, 0.39)*** | 0.62 (0.59, 0.66)*** |
Gout (ref: no) | 0.79 (0.73, 0.87)*** | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26)** |
Diabetes (ref: no) | 0.75 (0.71, 0.78)*** | 0.82 (0.78, 0.86)*** |
COPD (ref: no) | 0.50 (0.47, 0.54)*** | 0.81 (0.75, 0.87)*** |
Osteoarthritis (ref: no) | 0.62 (0.58, 0.67)*** | 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) |
Length of stay, in days | 0.84 (0.83, 0.86)*** | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89)*** |