From: Emergency Department and Inpatient Healthcare utilization due to Hypertension
Univariate | Multivariable-adjusted | |
---|---|---|
Odds ratioa (95 % CI) | Odds ratioa (95 % CI) | |
Age | ||
<50 | Ref | Ref |
50- <65 | 1.33 (1.28, 1.38)*** | 0.90 (0.86, 0.94)*** |
65- <80 | 1.60 (1.52, 1.68)*** | 0.74 (0.69, 0.79)*** |
≥80 | 2.26 (2.12, 2.40)*** | 0.91 (0.83, 0.98)* |
Gender | ||
Female | Ref | Ref |
Male | 1.19 (1.15, 1.23)*** | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97)** |
Median household income | ||
1st quartile (< $38,999) | Ref | Ref |
2nd quartile ($39,000 to $47,999) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.02) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) |
3rd quartile ($48,000 to $62999) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) |
4th quartile ($63,000 or more) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.25) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.09) |
Primary payer | ||
Medicare (ref) | Ref | Ref |
Medicaid | 0.79 (0.74, 0.85)*** | 1.14 (1.02, 1.27) |
Private insurance | 0.45 (0.43, 0.47)*** | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) |
Self-pay/No charge | 0.36 (0.33, 0.40)*** | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) |
Other | 0.56 (0.47, 0.66)*** | 1.21 (1.01, 1.44)* |
Patient location (residence) | ||
Micropolitan/not metro | Ref | Ref |
Metro (large or small) | 1.84 (1.65, 2.04)*** | 1.68 (1.50, 1.90)*** |
Hospital Region | ||
Northeast | Ref | Ref |
Midwest | 0.75 (0.62, 0.91)* | 0.62 (0.51, 0.75)*** |
South | 0.75 (0.63, 0.88)* | 0.67 (0.54, 0.81)*** |
West | 0.73 (0.61, 0.88)*** | 0.51 (0.40, 0.65)*** |
Teaching status of hospital | ||
Metropolitan non-teaching or non-metro | Ref | Ref |
Metropolitan teaching | 1.37 (1.22, 1.54)*** | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) |
Comorbidities | ||
CHD (ref: no) | 7.27 (6.84, 7.72)*** | 2.80 (2.64, 2.97)*** |
Hyperlipidemia (ref: no) | 4.90 (4.55, 5.26)*** | 3.27 (3.03, 3.54)*** |
Renal failure (ref: no) | 14.08 (12.83, 15.46)*** | 7.52 (6.86, 8.25)*** |
Heart Failure (ref: no) | 22.38 (20.58, 24.34)*** | 8.55 (7.86, 9.30)*** |
Gout (ref: no) | 5.52 (4.96, 6.15)*** | 1.86 (1.60, 2.18)*** |
Diabetes (ref: no) | 3.57 (3.42, 3.73)*** | 1.51 (1.44, 1.58)*** |
COPD (ref: no) | 5.62 (5.24, 6.02)*** | 2.09 (1.94, 2.24)*** |
Osteoarthritis (ref: no) | 5.64 (4.92, 6.45) | 3.76 (3.18, 4.44)*** |