Table 4 Univariate analysis of the EQ-5D utility scores and categorical variables

Gender

<0.001

 Male

0.906

0.181

<0.001

0.887

0.192

 Female

0.878

0.214

0.858

0.218

Age Group

 35–44

0.959

0.120

0.946

.118

 45–54

0.948

0.130

<0.001

0.929

0.143

<0.001

 55–64

0.917

0.169

0.893

0.183

  ≥ 65

0.845

0.233

0.803

0.250

Ethnic group Han

0.890

0.201

0.670

0.870

0.207

0.463

Others

0.910

0.251

0.832

0.232

Region

 Shannan

0.875

0.207

<0.001

0.879

0.197

0.015

 Guanzhong

0.899

0.214

0.869

0.210

 Shanbei

0.878

0.195

0.850

0.215

Marital status

<0.001

 Married

0.908

0.184

0.887

0.196

<0.001

 Single

0.915

0.174

0.846

0.216

 Divorced

0.797

0.257

0.795

0.243

 Widowed

0.886

0.149

0.980

0.600

Education level

<0.001

<0.001

 Illiterate

0.797

0.263

0.815

0.241

 Primary school

0.874

0.202

0.877

0.201

 Junior high school

0.919

0.174

0.921

0.155

 Senior high / technical school

0.928

0.162

0.922

0.163

 College and above

0.948

0.123

0.995

0.026

Employment status

<0.001

<0.001

 Employed

0.937

0.132

0.905

0.169

 Retired

0.890

0.205

0.863

0.217

 Unemployed

0.823

0.251

0.778

0.265

Insurance coverage

 Uninsured

0.890

0.201

0.071

0.833

0.174

0.175

 Insured

0.931

0.177

0.870

0.209

Smoking status

<0.001

<0.001

 Yes

0.882

0.210

0.860

0.219

 No

0.923

0.153

0.900

0.167

Drinking status

<0.001

<0.001

 Yes

0.880

0.209

0.863

0.214

 No

0.947

0.124

0.930

0.140

Physical activity

<0.001

 Yes

0.929

0.139

0.892

0.170

0.078

 No

0.854

0.239

0.865

0.216

Health education

 Yes

0.891

0.192

0.123

0.871

0.207

0.107

 No

0.890

0.215

0.858

0.218

Health examination

 Yes

0.899

0.175

0.924

0.870

0.200

0.275

 No

0.889

0.231

0.869

0.213