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Table 6 Relationship between disability (EDSS) and relapse and direct health care costs over the previous 12 months among patients with MS

From: Quantifying the relationship between increased disability and health care resource utilization, quality of life, work productivity, health care costs in patients with multiple sclerosis in the US

Parameter, (95 % CI) a

Disability (reference group EDSS <3)

Relapse (reference group no relapse)

R2, %

EDSS 3–5

EDSS >5

Costs of consultations in last 12 months (US$)

692* (242.6–1141.3)

730* (358.1–1101.4)

464* (232.4–695.9)

16.53

Cost of hospitalisations in last 12 months (US$)

3,007 (−363.4–6377.6)

10,883* (4025.6–17739.8)

3,693* (1313.9–6072.3)

10.84

Cost of current treatment regimen in last 12 months (US$)

318 (−2129.6–2765.6)

1,711 (−1466.3–4888.3)

233 (−1704.6–2170.2)

1.55

Total costs (US$)

4,017 (−916.5–8950.7)

13,324* (4872.1–21774.8)

4,390* (1248.3–7531.8)

8.75

  1. EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale, MS multiple sclerosis
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. aOrdinary least squares regression analysis to yield coefficients and 95 % CIs (covariates: patient age, sex and body mass index)