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Table 4 Relationship between disability (EDSS) and relapse and ability to work, productivity and employment status among patients with MS

From: Quantifying the relationship between increased disability and health care resource utilization, quality of life, work productivity, health care costs in patients with multiple sclerosis in the US

Parameter, (95 % CI)

Disability (reference group EDSS <3; n = 201)

Relapsed (n = 148) (reference group no relapse; n = 155)

R2, %c

EDSS 3–5 (n = 78)

EDSS >5 (n = 24)

Unemployeda

2.8* (1.7–4.4)

12.4*(6.3–24.4)

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

15.20

Had to change job due to MSa

2.5 (0.7–8.5)

14.4* (4.5–46.0)

0.6 (0.2–1.7)

9.97

Had to reduce weekly working hours due to MSa

1.7 (0.8–3.5)

1.4 (0.4–4.6)

2.3* (1.3–4.1)

4.72

Unable to get a job or promotion due to MSa

4.8* (1.4–16.1)

17.0* (4.2–68.4)

1.7 (0.6–4.8)

17.51

Had to retire early due to MSa

1.1 (0.3–3.5)

2.2 (0.5–9.0)

1.9 (0.6–6.4)

13.22

Had to stop work altogether due to MSa

2.6* (1.1–6.3)

10.4* (3.5–30.8)

1.0 (0.4–2.1)

14.59

WPAIb

    

% work time missed

4.2 (−2.6–11.0)

1.8 (−8.0–11.5)

3.2 (−1.2–7.7)

4.75

% impairment while working

13.3* (5.5–21.0)

12.0 (−26.5–50.6)

13.4* (6.3–20.6)

22.59

% overall work impairment

15.4* (6.7–24.1)

21.0 (−35.7–77.7)

12.8* (5.2–20.4)

24.02

% activity impairment

16.8* (9.3–24.2)

33.6*(23.2–44.0)

9.9* (3.3–16.5)

31.00

  1. EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale, MS multiple sclerosis, WPAI Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. aLogistic regression analysis to yield ORs and 95 % Cis (covariates: patient age, sex and body mass index)
  4. bOrdinary least squares regression analysis to yield coefficients and 95 % CIs (covariates: patient age, sex and body mass index)
  5. cR-Squared for ordinary least squares regression, McFadden’s R-Squared for logistic regression