1. single parenthood 2. little support from spouse 3. little network support 4. relational problems 5. partner with mental health problems 6. children with poor health/handicaps/difficult temperament 7. changes in family structure/housing 8. two or more life events in the past two years 9. housing problems 10. poverty or debts 11. parents having been abused as a child 12. severe psychiatric symptoms 13. low compliance with psychiatric treatment 14. impulse control problems 15. alcohol or drug problems 16. low intelligence |