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Table 2 Determinants of Caesarean Section (Elective and Emergency) at Hospital Discharge, 2009

From: Differences in nulliparous caesarean section rates across models of care: a decomposition analysis

 

Elective

Emergency

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

Public (REF)

Private

0.053

 

0.019

 

0.057

 

0.011

 
 

(0.016)

***

(0.005)

***

(0.016)

***

(0.013)

 

Age

     Mother Age (years)

  

0.003

   

0.009

 
   

(0.001)

***

  

(0.001)

***

Social Class

     Professional/managerial (REF)

        

     Clerical

  

0.007

   

0.013

 
   

(0.002)

***

  

(0.004)

***

     Skilled/semi-skilled

  

0.008

   

0.006

 
   

(0.006)

   

(0.011)

 

     Unskilled

  

0.007

   

0.017

 
   

(0.002)

***

  

(0.009)

*

     Unemployed

  

0.013

   

0.016

 
   

(0.007)

*

  

(0.017)

 

     Home duties

  

0.015

   

0.025

 
   

(0.003)

***

  

(0.010)

***

     Othera

  

0.010

   

−0.012

 
   

(0.007)

   

(0.008)

 

Marital Status

     Married (REF)

        

     Not marriedb

  

0.001

   

0.014

 
   

(0.003)

   

(0.006)

**

Country of Birth

     Ireland (REF)

        

     UK

  

0.012

   

−0.020

 
   

(0.007)

*

  

(0.014)

 

     EU-15 (excl. IRE & UK)

  

−0.002

   

−0.013

 
   

(0.005)

   

(0.018)

 

     EU-27 Accession Statesc

  

0.002

   

−0.043

 
   

(0.004)

   

(0.007)

***

     Africa

  

0.017

*

  

0.094

 
   

(0.009)

   

(0.009)

***

     Asia

  

−0.012

   

0.024

 
   

(0.006)

**

  

(0.010)

**

     Otherd

  

−0.002

   

0.001

 
   

(0.006)

   

(0.013)

 

Obstetric History

     Previous miscarriage

  

0.004

   

0.018

 
   

(0.003)

   

(0.007)

***

Baby Characteristics

        

     Birthweight (kg)

  

0.006

   

0.043

 
   

(0.002)

***

  

(0.010)

***

Clinical Risk Factorse

        

     Breech

  

0.197

   

0.586

 
   

(0.022)

***

  

(0.029)

***

     Diabetes (pre-existing)

  

0.062

   

0.260

 
   

(0.014)

***

  

(0.045)

***

     Eclampsia or pre-eclampsia

  

0.032

   

0.203

 
   

(0.009)

***

  

(0.015)

***

     Gestational diabetes

  

0.032

   

0.092

 
   

(0.007)

***

  

(0.024)

***

     Hypertensive disorders

  

0.005

   

0.087

 
   

(0.004)

   

(0.013)

***

     Malpresentation

  

0.143

   

0.354

 
   

(0.020)

***

  

(0.050)

***

     Placenta praevia or placental abruption

  

0.120

   

0.438

 
   

(0.012)

***

  

(0.028)

***

     Poor fetal growth

  

0.046

   

0.111

 
   

(0.009)

***

  

(0.027)

***

     Induction

      

0.081

 
       

(0.017)

***

Hospital Characteristics

        

     Academic teaching hospital

  

−0.006

   

−0.047

 
   

(0.006)

   

(0.015)

***

N

23,655

 

23,515

 

28,293

 

28,136

 

Psuedo R2

0.020

 

0.594

 

0.004

 

0.097

 
  1. Results are presented as marginal effects, with robust standard errors in parentheses. Column (1) for each includes controls for private only, while column (2) adds all other variables. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
  2. a Includes farmers and farm managers, other agricultural occupations and fisheries workers, and not classifiable
  3. b Includes never married, divorced, separated, and widowed
  4. c Accession States
  5. d Includes the Rest of Europe, the Americas, Australia, New Zealand (incl. Oceania), multi-nationality, non-Irish, and no nationality
  6. e Clinical risk factors imply that the relevant diagnosis code(s) appeared as one of the up to 20 diagnosis codes (one principal and up to 19 additional) recorded in HIPE, a woman may have more than one clinical risk factor. The presence of a particular risk factor does not imply that this was the ‘cause’ of the CS
  7. Source: HIPE/NPRS 2009 data