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Table 2 Study sample characteristics, chi-squared test reporting significance level for association with antenatal care utilisation, ordinal regression analysis reporting adjusted OR for being assigned into a higher CTP category

From: Antenatal care use in urban areas in two European countries: Predisposing, enabling and pregnancy-related determinants in Belgium and the Netherlands

  

Antenatal care utilisation classified by the CTP tool

P value

Adjusted OR

  

Inadequate

Intermediate

Sufficient

Appropriate

χ2 test

 
  

(N = 49)

(N = 46)

(N = 214)

(N = 333)

  
 

Total (column %)

N (row %)

N (row %)

N (row %)

N (row %)

  

Predisposing characteristics

       

 Age (years)

     

0.32(a)

(b)

  ≤20

8 (1.2)

0

0

6 (75.0)

2 (25.0)

  

  21–35

528 (82.2)

41 (7.8)

40 (7.6)

172 (32.6)

275 (52.1)

  

  >35

106 (16.5)

8 (7.5)

6 (5.7)

36 (34.0)

56 (52.8)

  

 Marital status

     

0.14(a)

(b)

  Co-habiting or married

604 (94.1)

44 (7.3)

45 (7.5)

197 (32.6)

318 (52.6)

  

  Single

38 (5.9)

5 (13.2)

1 (2.6)

17 (44.7)

15 (39.5)

  

 Occupational status

     

<0.001

 

  Employed

419 (65.3)

20 (4.8)

26 (6.2)

120 (28.6)

253 (60.4)

  

  Unemployed

223 (34.7)

29 (13.0)

20 (9.0)

94 (42.2)

80 (35.9)

 

0.49 (0.34-0.70)

 Educational level

     

<0.001

 

  Up to secondary

376 (58.6)

35 (9.3)

33 (8.8)

139 (37.0)

169 (44.9)

 

0.60 (0.43-0.82)

  Tertiary

266 (41.4)

14 (5.3)

13 (4.9)

75 (28.2)

164 (61.7)

  

 Nationality

     

0.009

(b)

  Belgian/Dutch

475 (74.0)

29 (6.1)

36 (7.6)

149 (31.4)

261 (54.9)

  

  All other nationalities

167 (26.0)

20 (12.0)

10 (6.0)

65 (38.9)

72 (43.1)

  

 Educational level partner

     

<0.001

(b)

  No partner

38 (5.9)

5 (13.2)

1 (2.6)

17 (44.7)

15 (39.5)

  

  Up to secondary

334 (52.0)

33 (9.9)

30 (9.0)

120 (35.9)

151 (45.2)

  

  Tertiary

270 (42.1)

11 (4.1)

15 (5.6)

77 (28.5)

167 (61.9)

  

 Nationality of the partner

     

0.003

(b)

  No partner

38 (5.9)

5 (13.2)

1 (2.6)

17 (44.7)

15 (39.5)

  

  Belgian/Dutch

441 (68.7)

27 (6.1)

29 (6.6)

133 (30.2)

252 (57.1)

  

  All other nationalities

163 (25.4)

17 (10.4)

16 (9.8)

64 (39.3)

66 (40.5)

  

 Region

     

0.009

 

  Brussels Metropolitan

321 (50.0)

31 (9.7)

26 (8.1)

118 (36.8)

146 (45.5)

 

0.90 (0.64-1.26)

  Urban Dutch regions

321 (50.0)

18 (5.6)

20 (6.2)

96 (29.9)

187 (58.3)

  

Enabling characteristics

       

 Equivalent income

     

<0.001

(b)

  Low

112 (17.4)

17 (15.2)

9 (8.0)

51 (45.5)

35 (31.3)

  

  Moderate

451 (70.2)

29 (6.4)

33 (7.3)

141 (31.3)

248 (55.0)

  

  High

79 (12.3)

3 (3.8)

4 (5.1)

22 (27.8)

50 (63.3)

  

 Health insurance cover

     

0.008(a)

(b)

  Yes

623 (97.0)

46 (7.4)

46 (7.4)

202 (32.4)

329 (52.8)

  

  No

19 (3.0)

3 (15.8)

0 (0.0)

12 (63.2)

4 (21.1)

  

 Additional health insurance

     

<0.001

(b)

  Yes

431 (67.1)

24 (5.6)

29 (6.7)

130 (30.2)

248 (57.5)

  

  No

211 (32.9)

25 (11.8)

17 (8.1)

84 (39.8)

85 (40.3)

  

Pregnancy-related characteristics

      

 Parity

     

0.042

(b)

  Primiparae

284 (44.2)

19 (6.7)

16 (5.6)

84 (29.6)

165 (58.1)

  

  Multiparae

358 (55.8)

30 (8.4)

30 (8.4)

130 (36.3)

168 (46.9)

  

Wish for pregnancyd

     

0.51(a)

(b)

  Wanted pregnancy

628 (98.0)

49 (7.8)

44 (7.0)

210 (33.4)

325 (51.8)

  

  Unwanted pregnancy

13 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (15.4)

4 (30.8)

7 (53.8)

  

 Planned pregnancy

     

0.013

(b)

  Yes

512 (79.8)

35 (6.8)

34 (6.6)

161 (31.4)

282 (55.1)

  

  No

130 (20.2)

14 (10.8)

12 (9.2)

53 (40.8)

51 (39.2)

  

 COCe

     

0.041

 

  <50 %

463 (72.1)

42 (9.1)

39 (7.8)

158 (34.1)

227 (49.0)

 

0.60 (0.42-0.84)

  ≥50 %

179 (27.9)

7 (3.9)

10 (5.6)

56 (31.3)

106 (59.2)

  

Attending antenatal information classes

    

<0.001

 

 Yes

238 (37.1)

11 (4.6)

7 (2.9)

72 (30.3)

148 (62.2)

  

 No

404 (62.9)

38 (9.4)

39 (9.7)

142 (35.1)

185 (45.8)

 

0.67 (0.47-0.94)

  1. aThe condition for the chi-squared test for larger contingency tables was not met: valid if less than 20 % of the expected numbers are under 5 and the minimum expected count is less than 1 37
  2. bNot included in the final model of ordinal logistic regression analysis
  3. c∑ incomes in the household/(1 + (x*0.5) + (y*0.3)) (x: number of adults living in the same household, y: number of children under the age of 18 years living in the same household [modified OECD scale] [23]
  4. d n = 641
  5. eContinuity of Care index: \( \mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}=\frac{{\displaystyle \sum {n}_j^2-n}}{n\left(n-1\right)} \) [26]
  6. Bold values signify significant findings P<0.05
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