Table 1 Baseline characteristics by medication and visit adherence

Gender, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Male

16,344

11,942 (73.1)

17,343

12,464 (71.9)

 Female

14,020

9,955 (71.0)

15,395

9,656 (62.7)

Age group, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 55–64

13,037

9,481 (72.7)

14,014

9,191 (65.6)

 65–74

12,250

8,885 (72.5)

13,176

9,152 (69.5)

 ≥75

5,077

3,531 (69.5)

5,548

3,777 (68.1)

Race and Ethnicity, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Black

10,616

7,269 (68.5)

11,572

6,950 (60.1)

 Non-Black Hispanic

4,377

2,772 (63.3)

5,146

2,784 (54.1)

 Non-Black Non-Hispanic

15,371

11,856 (77.1)

16,020

12,386 (77.3)

Education, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 < High school

12,076

8,340 (69.1)

13,215

8,530 (64.5)

 High school

8,194

6,068 (74.1)

8,700

6,157 (70.8)

 Beyond high school

8,138

6,137 (75.4)

8,609

6,263 (72.7)

Type II Diabetes, n (%)

0.721

<0.001

 Yes

10,879

14,065 (72.2)

11,810

7,757 (65.7)

 No

19,485

7,832 (72.0)

20,928

14,363 (68.6)

Smoking, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Current

6,596

4,673 (70.8)

7,121

4,657 (65.4)

 Past

12,395

9,112 (73.5)

13,212

9,462 (71.6)

 Never

11,372

8,111 (71.3)

12,403

8,001 (64.5)

Self-assessed baseline health, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Excellent

1,735

1,312 (75.6)

1,813

1,332 (73.5)

 Very good

7,090

5,249 (74.0)

7,639

5,415 (70.9)

 Good

13,490

9,747 (72.3)

14,593

9,873 (67.7)

 Fair

6,905

4,748 (68.8)

7,440

4,790 (64.4)

 Poor

837

609 (72.8)

917

530 (57.8)

 Unknown

307

232 (75.6)

336

180 (53.6)

Practice type, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Private

8,895

5,867 (66.0)

9,845

6,169 (62.7)

 Group

6,035

4,705 (78.0)

6,403

4,621 (72.2)

 HMO

872

690 (79.1)

1,150

567 (49.3)

 Community Health Center

2,519

1,796 (71.3)

2,663

1,674 (62.9)

 University

2,878

2,060 (71.6)

3,011

2,195 (72.9)

 Other

2,530

1,940 (76.7)

2,744

1,795 (65.4)

 VAMC

5,340

3,924 (73.5)

5,503

4,541 (82.5)

 Unknown

1,295

915 (70.7)

1,419

558 (39.3)

Clinic enrollment volume, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 1–33 participants

3135

2086 (66.5)

3299

2077 (63.0)

 34–54 participants

3161

2332 (73.8)

3318

2262 (68.2)

 55–74 participants

3220

2404 (74.7)

3388

2389 (70.5)

 75–100 participants

3255

2269 (69.7)

3393

2497 (73.6)

 101–125 participants

2865

2233 (77.9)

3008

2126 (70.7)

 126–170 participants

3104

2196 (70.7)

3339

2276 (68.2)

 171–215 participants

3176

2392 (75.3)

3313

2570 (77.6)

 216–325 participants

2940

2310 (78.6)

3354

2307 (68.8)

 326–491 participants

2833

2044 (72.1)

3360

1738 (51.7)

 492–607 participants

2675

1631 (61.0)

2966

1878 (63.3)

Baseline medication use, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 On drug therapy ≥ 2 months

26,375

19,174 (72.7)

28,416

19,486 (68.6)

 On drug therapy < 2 months

1,025

701 (68.4)

1,114

684 (61.4)

 Currently untreated

2,964

2,022 (68.2)

3,207

1,950 (60.8)

HDL cholesterol < 35 mg/dl, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Yes

3,608

2,732 (75.7)

3,829

2,842 (74.2)

 No

26,756

19,165 (71.6)

28,909

19,278 (66.7)

Aspirin use, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Yes

11,053

8,300 (75.1)

11,737

8,654 (73.7)

 No

18,955

13,348 (70.4)

20,591

13,260 (64.4)

Geographic region, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Northeast

4,637

3,399 (73.3)

4,918

3,489 (70.9)

 Midwest

5,704

4,141 (72.6)

5,932

4,510 (76.0)

 South

12,799

9,471 (74.0)

13,624

8,963 (65.8)

 West

3,045

2,183 (71.7)

3,164

2,408 (76.1)

 Canada

537

422 (78.6)

542

509 (93.9)

 Puerto Rico/Virgin Islands

3,642

2,281 (62.6)

4,558

2,241 (49.2)

Possible disability, n (%)

0.712

<0.001

 Yes

5,533

3,979 (71.9)

5,836

4,414 (75.6)

 No

24,831

17,918 (72.2)

26,902

17,706 (65.8)

ASCVD, n (%)

<0.001

<0.001

 Yes

10,965

8,145 (74.3)

11,863

8,270 (69.7)

 Sub-clinical

8,487

5,749 (67.7)

9,029

6,047 (67.0)

 No

10,912

8,003 (73.3)

11,846

7,803 (65.9)

BMI, n (%)

0.029

0.040

 ≤30

17,602

12,607 (71.6)

19,014

12,939 (68.1)

 >30

12,672

9,221 (72.8)

13,624

9,124 (67.0)

Randomized drug, n (%)

0.028

<0.001

 Chlorthalidone

13,890

10,075 (72.5)

14,975

10,255 (68.5)

 Amlodipine

8,275

6,002 (72.5)

8,875

6,094 (68.7)

 Lisinopril

8,199

5,820 (71.0)

8,888

5,771 (64.9)