Table 3 Impact of MODs on health outcome

Becker 1986 [20]

RCT

Diastolic blood pressure

β = 1.45

86

85

0.259

Huang 2000a [23]

RCT

Change in Vitamin C serum concentration

-0.9 (mg/dl)

90

94

0.47

Change in Vitamin E serum concentration

-2.4 (mg/dl)

0.06*

Huang 2000b [23]

RCT

Change in Vitamin E serum concentration

0.9 (mg/dl)

148

149

0.53

Petersen 2007 [24]

Prospective

Viral Load

0.36 mean log₁₀ copies/mL. Increased odds of viral load below 400 copies/ml OR 1.91

<0.05*

Rehder 1980 [25]

RCT

Change in diastolic blood pressure

1 mm Hg

25

25

> 0.05

Change in systolic blood pressure

Not reported

> 0.05

Roberts 2004 [18]

Cross-section

Number of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)

Non-MOD group reported more ADRs (47.79 %) vs non-pharmacist filled MOD group (43.24 %) and pharmacist filled MOD group (32.56 %)

0.022*

The 14 item Older Americans Resource Scale for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (OARS-IADL)

Pharmacist filled MOD group had lower ability scores (10.25) vs non-pharmacist filled MOD group (12.70) and non-MOD group (12.34)

0.001*

Simmons 2000 [26]

RCT

Change in diastolic blood pressure

-5.9 mm Hg

36

32

0.0041*

Change in systolic blood pressure

-1.0 mm Hg

0.89

Change in HbA1c

-0.8 %

0.026*