Table 1 Summary of included studies
From: Systematic review of the health and societal effects of medication organisation devices
First Author | Year | Design | Location | Condition | Setting | Age (mean, (range)) | Type of MOD (format) | Comparator | MOD filled by | Total n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Becker [20] | 1986 | RCT | USA | Hypertension | Hospital Outpatient | nr | Sealed. 28 consecutive-dose foil backed blisters (7x4). Packs were perforated so that blisters could be detached. | Standard packaging (bottles) | Automatic device | 165 |
Carruthers [32] | 2008 | Audit | Australia | Mixed | Care Home | nr | Sealed. 28 consecutive-dose foil backed blisters (7x4). Websterpaks | n/a | Pharmacy | nr * |
Crome [27] | 1982 | RCT | UK | Mixed | Hospital Inpatient | 80.29 (68-98) | Unsealed, 28 consecutive-dose compartments (7x4). Dosett® | Standard packaging (bottles) | Unclear | 78 |
Feetam [21] | 1982 | Prospective | UK | Mental Illness | Community | 42.40 (18-68) | Unsealed, 28 consecutive-dose compartments (7x4). Can be divided into single days for convenience. Medidos® | Standard packaging (bottles) | Unclear | 10 |
Huang [23] | 2000 | RCT | USA | Vitamin supplements in healthy volunteers | Community | 58.00 (nr) | Unsealed. Seven consecutive-dose compartments (7x1). | Standard packaging (bottles) | Patient | 183 |
Huang [23] | 2000 | RCT | USA | Vitamin supplements in healthy volunteers | Community | 65.00 (nr) | Unsealed. Seven consecutive-dose compartments (7x1). | Standard packaging (bottles) | Patient | 291 |
Levings [33] | 1999 | Audit | Australia | Mixed | Community | 78.00 (nr) | nr | nr | Various | nr Æ— |
MacIntosh [28] | 2007 | RCT | Canada | Cancer | Hospital Outpatient | 64.00 (42-81) | Unsealed. 14 consecutive-dose compartments (7x2) | Standard packaging (nr) | Researcher | 21 |
McElnay [19] | 1992 | Cross-section | UK | None | Community | nr | Unsealed, 28 consecutive-dose compartments, various format: Medisystem® (7 of 4x1); Medidos® (7x4), Supercel (7x4, pouches); Dosett®(7x4); Pill Mill® (1x28, wheel-type); Medi-wheel® (4 of 7x1, stacked wheel-type). | n/a | Pharmacist/ technician | 6 |
Petersen [24] | 2007 | Prospective | USA | HIV | Community | 44.00 (38-49) | nr | Standard packaging (bottles) | n/s | 269 |
Rehder [25] | 1980 | RCT | USA | Hypertension | Hospital Outpatient | 51.35 (31-69) | Unsealed, 28 consecutive-dose compartments Mediset®(7x4) | Standard packaging (bottles) | Pharmacy | 50 |
Roberts [18] | 2004 | Multiple | Australia | Mixed | Community | 76.80 | nr | n/a | Pharmacy | 353 |
Ryan-Woolley [29] | 2005 | RCT | UK | Mixed | Care Home | 78.80 (67-92) | unclear | Standard packaging (nr) | Pharmacy | 62 |
Simmons [26] | 2000 | RCT | New Zealand | Diabetes | Community | 54.06 (nr) | Sealed. 28 consecutive-dose foil backed blisters (7x4). | Standard packaging (nr) | Pharmacy | 68 |
Skaer [31] | 1993 | RCT | USA | Diabetes | Pharmacy | 51.74 | Sealed | Standard packaging (nr) | Pharmacy or researcher | 131 |
Skaer [30] | 1993 | RCT | USA | Hypertension | Pharmacy | 56.49 (nr) | Sealed | Standard packaging (nr) | Pharmacy or researcher | 163 |
Stewart [34] | 2001 | Cross-section | UK | Mixed | Community | nr | nr | n/a | Nurses | 96 |
Wong [22] | 1987 | RCT | USA | Mixed | Community | 79.00 (66-90) | Sealed.^ 31 non-consecutive-dose foil-backed compartments. Each card serves one daily time point for one month e.g. breakfast. | Standard packaging (bottles) | Pharmacy or researcher | 17 |