Table 4 Descriptive Statistics

Dependent/key independent variables

 Patient face time in minutes (SD)

19.27 (11.37)

20.44 (12.21)

18.97 (11.12)

 Number of physician’s patient visits per week^a (SD)

69.25 (44.50)

67.50 (35.65)

69.68 (46.45)

 Basic EHR use

0.207

1

0

 Physician age (SD)

48.97 (10.39)

47.30 (9.61)

49.40 (10.54)

Patient’s characteristics

 Patient age (SD)

47.49 (21.80)

47.76 (22.13)

47.42 (21.71)

 Female

0.594

0.596

0.594

 Race/ethnicity:

  White, Non-Hispanic

0.644

0.714

0.626

  Black, Non-Hispanic

0.135

0.104

0.144

  Hispanic

0.093

0.085

0.095

  Other race, Non-Hispanic

0.128

0.097

0.136

Patient’s health status

 Major reason for visit:

  New problem

0.409

0.421

0.405

  Chronic problem

0.388

0.375

0.392

  Pre/post surgery or preventive care

0.203

0.205

0.203

 Related to injury/poisoning/adverse effect

0.294

0.211

0.316

 Bad disposition (Refer to ED/admit to hospital)

0.007

0.005

0.008

 Wound care

0.023

0.022

0.023

 Number of new medications (SD)

0.77 (1.06)

0.85 (1.12)

0.74 (1.04)

 Number of chronic conditions (SD)

1.38 (1.45)

1.42 (1.48)

1.36 (1.45)

Visit’s characteristics

 Visit to own primary care physician

0.810

0.773

0.820

 Referred visit

0.024

0.029

0.023

 Primary source of payment:

  Private insurance

0.433

0.516

0.412

  Medicare

0.221

0.220

0.221

  Medicaid

0.155

0.103

0.168

  Other

0.192

0.161

0.199

 New patient

0.099

0.107

0.096

 Number of visits in last 12 months:

  No visit in last 12 months

0.113

0.133

0.107

  1 visit in last 12 months

0.125

0.144

0.120

  2 visit in last 12 months

0.178

0.158

0.183

  3 or more visit in last 12 months

0.585

0.565

0.590

 Weekend visits

0.017

0.022

0.016

 Seen also by non-MD clinician

0.469

0.466

0.469

Physician characteristics

 Ownership:

  Physician or physician group

0.565

0.493

0.584

  HMO

0.020

0.069

0.008

  Community health center

0.275

0.184

0.299

  Other type of ownership

0.139

0.254

0.110

 Solo practice

0.263

0.140

0.295

 Type of office setting:

  Private practice

0.654

0.683

0.646

  Free standing

0.038

0.060

0.032

  Community health center

0.285

0.198

0.307

  HMO

0.016

0.053

0.006

  Other type of office setting

0.008

0.007

0.009

Physician’s incentive to change patient face time

 Over 50 % of revenue from capitation

0.039

0.059

0.034

 Over 50 % of revenue from managed care contract

0.286

0.389

0.259

 Over 50 % of revenue from case rate

0.018

0.013

0.020

Other covariates

 Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

0.850

0.885

0.841

 Geographic region:

  Northeast

0.177

0.159

0.182

  Midwest

0.262

0.236

0.269

  South

0.325

0.304

0.330

  West

0.236

0.302

0.219

 Survey year:

  2006

0.239

0.129

0.268

  2007

0.247

0.223

0.253

  2008

0.247

0.277

0.239

  2009

0.267

0.371

0.239

N (Patient visits)

39,229

8105

31,124

N (Physicians)^a

1470

293

1177