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Table 7 Summary of meta-analyses and individual trials from which intervention effects were extracted

From: Cost-effectiveness of medical primary prevention strategies to reduce absolute risk of cardiovascular disease in Tanzania: a Markov modelling study

Drug class

Trials

Drug names

Comparator

Type

Blinded

Statistical method

Notes

ACEI

3

Ramipril, Deserpidine,

Placebo

MA

Double*

RR, M-H, fixed, Chi2

72 % PP

  

Perindopril, Captopril

     

ARB

17

Cardisartan, Valsartan,

Placebo

MA

NR~

RR, random, fixed, I2

NR

  

Irbesartan, Telmisartan, Lorsartan

     

ASA

6

Soluble aspirin

Placebo1

MA

Blindedƪ

Rate ratio, NS, X2

PP trials only

BB

5

Propanolol, Atenolol

Placebo

MA

Double§

RR, M-H, fixed, Chi2

72 % PP

Big

1

Metformin

Conventional therapy

RCTs

No

NA

NA

CCB

22â–ª

NR

Placebo

MA

Double†

RR, M-H, fixed, Chi2

NR

Diu

19

Indapamide, CHTD, Chlorothiazide,

Placebo

MA

Double¶

RR, M-H, fixed, Chi2

72 % PP

  

HCTZ, Bendrofluazide, T richloromethiazide

     

Sta

10

Pravastatin, Lovastatin,

Placebo,UC2 or diet3

MA

Double‡

OR, random, fixed, I2

80 % PP or separate note on PP

  

Artorvastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin

     

Sulf

1

Sulfonylureas-insulin

Conventional therapy

RCTs

No

NA

NA

  1. ACEI - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, ARB - Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, Asp - Soluble Aspirin, BB - Beta Blocker, Big - Biguanide, CCB - Calcium Channel Blocker, Diu - Diuretic, Sta - Statins, Sulf - Sulfonylureas, CHTD - Chlorothalidone, HCTZ - Hydrochlorothiazide, UC - usual care, MA - Meta analyses, RCTs - Randomized Controlled Trials, NR - Not reported, RR - Relative risk, M-H - Mantel Haenszel, OR - Odds ratio, PP - Primary prevention, SP - Secondary prevention, NA - Not applicable, 22▪ - These are trials which reported MI events; 9 reported stroke events, Double* - two trials were open label, NR ~ − Even though blinding was not reported it was considered in trial quality, Placebo1 - Two trials compared aspirin with no comparator and open-label vitamin E, Blindedƪ - Two trials were open trials, Double§ - One trial was single blinded and one open trial, Double† - One trial was not blinded, Double¶ - Four trials were single blinded and three trials were open, Double‡ - Blinding status was not reported for one trial. For those drug classes which were not compared with placebo, we assume that comparability between different drug classes remains valid since a non- pharmacological agent was used. Ideally a mixed treatment comparison analysis should have been performed with all the drug classes whose comparator was not a placebo