Hybrid management, organizational configuration, and medical professionalism: evidence from the establishment of a clinical directorate in Portugal

Table 3 Analytical features of professional bureaucracy/divisionalized form and empirical evidence of the divisionalized professional bureaucracy

	Professional bureaucracy	CD as a divisionalized professional bureaucracy	Divisionalized form
Key coordinating mechanism	Standardization of skills	Standardization of skills and outputs	Standardization of outputs
Key part of organization	Operating core	Middle line controlled by the operating core	Middle line
Support staff	Elaborated to support professionals	Split between headquarters and divisions to support professionals	Split between headquarters and divisions
Pressure	Professionalism	Balkanized professionalism	Balkanization
Formalization of behaviour	Little formalization	High formalization	High formalization
Planning and control systems	Little planning and control	High performance control	High performance control
Flows of decision making	Bottom-up	Top-down (with autonomy)	Top-down (with autonomy)

ISSN: 1472-6963