Table 2 Costs of surrogates for the elderly (Prices in €, Reference year 2009)

C02CA04

Doxazosin

0.38

51.4

Other antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker

ACE inhibitors

0.13

Angiotensin receptor blockers

1.08

0.23

6.64

55.51

23.73

N06AA09

Amitriptyline

0.43

45.7

SSRIs, mirtazapine

SSRIs

0.49

Mirtazapine

0.69

0.53

22.39

31.53

23.32

C07AA07

Sotalol

0.30

34.0

Beta blocker, amiodarone, propafenone

beta blocker

0.30

Amiodarone

0.72

0.77

10.09

24.48

21.69

C01AA02

Acetyldigoxin

0.36

32.5

Beta blocker, diuretics, ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors

0.13

Beta blocker

0.30

0.18

4.20

9.65

24.43

N05CF01

Zopiclon^a

0.77

28.0

Valerian, sedative anti-depressants (trazodone, mianserin, mirtazapine), opipramol, low-potency neuroleptics (melperone & pipamperone)

Valerian

0.00

Low-potency neuroleptics

2.32

0.77

0.00

64.86

11.80

M01AH05

Etoricoxib

1.21

25.2

Paracetamol, weak opioids (codeine, tramadol), Metamizole, weak NSAID, antidepressants (long-acting tranquilizers, tricyclic antidepressants, other non-serotomergic monoamine oxidase inhibitors, SSRIs, other Selective reuptake inhibitors, other antidepressants), anticonvulsants (older anti-epileptics, newer anti-epileptics, neuromuscular blocking agents)

Paracetamol

0.49

Newer anti-epileptics

4.03

3.90

12.35

101.56

16.50

N06AA12

Doxepin

0.54

24.2

SSRIs, mirtazapine

SSRIs

0.49

Mirtazapine

0.69

0.53

11.86

16.70

12.94

G04BD08

Solifenacin

1.44

22.6

Trospium

Trospium

1.05

Trospium

1.05

1.05

23.73

23.73

5.89

N05CF02

Zolpidem^a

0.77

21.3

Valerian, sedative anti-depressants (trazodone, mianserin, mirtazapine), opipramol, low-potency neuroleptics (melperone & pipamperone)

Valerian

0.00

Low-potency neuroleptics

2.32

0.77

0.00

49.34

2.95

N06BX03

Piracetam

0.45

18.3

ACE inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine), Memantine

Memantine

3.86

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

4.25

4.11

70.64

77.78

7.80

C04AD03

Pentoxifylline

0.48

15.0

ACE inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine), Memantine

Memantine

3.86

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

4.25

4.11

57.90

63.75

10.36

N05BA08

Bromazepam

0.58

14.9

Lorazepam, lormetazepam, short-acting benzodiazepine & benzodiazepine receptor agonists (zolpidem, zopiclone, brotizolam, triazolam, zaleplon), opipramol, mirtazapine, low-potency neuroleptics (melperone & pipamperone)

Lormetazepam

0.42

Low-potency neuroleptics

2.32

0.75

6.26

34.52

9.77

N06AA06

Trimipramine

0.74

14.6

SSRIs, mirtazapine

SSRI

0.49

Mirtazapine

0.69

00.53

7.15

10.07

11.23

N05BA01

Diazepam

0.46

13.1

Lorazepam, lormetazepam, short-acting benzodiazepine & benzodiazepine receptor agonists (zolpidem, zopiclone, brotizolam, triazolam, zaleplon), opipramol, mirtazapine, low-potency neuroleptics (melperone & pipamperone)

Lormetazepam

0.42

Low-potency neuroleptics

2.32

0.75

5.50

30.35

75.19

N05CD06

Lormetazepam^a

0.42

12.5

Valerian, sedative anti-depressants (trazodone, mianserin, mirtazapine), opipramol, zolpidem, low-potency neuroleptics (melperone & pipamperone)

Valerian

0.00

Low-potency neuroleptics

2.32

0.78

0.00

28.96

30.82

C02CA08

Terazosin

0.54

12.3

Other antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, beta blocker , calcium channel blocker (except nifedipine)

ACE inhibitors

0.13

Beta blocker

0.30

0.18

1.59

3.65

6.79

C02AC01

Clonidine

0.50

11.7

Other antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, beta blocker , calcium channel blocker

ACE inhibitors

0.13

Angiotensin receptor blockers

1.08

0.23

1.51

12.64

61.64

C02LA01

Reserpine and Diuretics

0.42

11.3

Other antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker (except nifedipine)

ACE inhibitors

0.13

Beta blocker

0.30

0.18

1.46

3.35

2.24

C01BC04

Flecainide

1.18

9.7

Beta blocker, amiodarone

Beta blocker

0.30

Amiodarone

0.72

0.30

2.88

6.98

9.87

G04BD04

Oxybutynin

0.95

9.3

Trospium

Trospium

1.05

Trospium

1.05

1.05

9.77

9.77

2.69

M01AC06

Meloxicam

0.35

9.3

Paracetamol, weak opioids (codeine, tramadol), metamizole, “weaker” NSAID

Paracetamol

0.49

Codeine

2.65

0.72

4.56

24.65

9.69

N06AB03

Fluoxetine

0.33

8.8

Other SSRIs (citalopram, paroxetine, escitalopram, sertraline, escitalopram), trazodone, mitrazapine

other SSRIs

0.51

Trazodone

1.44

0.56

4.50

12.67

8.71

M01AB01

Indometacin

0.46

8.7

Paracetamol, weak opioids (codeine, tramadol), metamizole, “weaker” NSAID

Paracetamol

0.49

Codeine

2.65

0.72

4.26

23.06

4.60

C01AA08

Metildigoxin

0.32

8.4

Beta blocker, diuretics

Diuretics

0.21

Beta blocker

0.30

0.26

1.76

2.49

2.06

M03BX07

Tetrazepam

0.96

8.3

Tolperisone, short-acting benzodiazepine & benzodiazepine receptor agonists (zolpidem, zopiclone, brotizolam, triazolam, zaleplon), intermediate-acting tranquilizers (bromazepan, oxazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, buspirone)

intermediate-acting Tranquilizers

0.71

Tolperisone

1.55

0.82

5.89

12.87

12.59

C04AX21

Naftidrofuryl

1.09

7.5

ACE inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine), memantine

Memantine

3.86

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

4.25

4.11

28.95

31.88

6.25

C08CA05

Nifedipine^a

0.58

6.5

Other antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker (except nifedipine)

ACE inhibitors

0.13

Beta blocker

0.30

0.18

0.84

1.93

1.19

M01AB11

Acemetacin

0.77

6.4

Paracetamol, weak opioids (codeine, tramadol), metamizole, “weaker” NSAID

Paracetamol

0.49

Codeine

2.65

0.72

3.14

16.96

6.68

M03BX01

Baclofen

0.87

6.0

Tolperisone, tizanidine

Tizanidine

1.09

Tolperisone

1.55

1.45

6.54

9.30

4.91

J01XE01

Nitrofurantoin

0.76

5.4

Other antibiotics in accordance with antibiogramm: cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, trimethoprim

Cotrimoxazole

1.77

Trimethoprim

2.79

2.33

9.56

15.07

2.16

502.9

325.93

810.03

430.46