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Table 2 Resource utilization per patient per year in each EDSS level

From: Cost analysis of multiple sclerosis in Brazil: a cross-sectional multicenter study

 

Mild (EDSS 0–3)

Moderate (EDSS 4–6.5)

Severe (EDSS 7–9)

TOTAL

(N = 84)

(N = 91)

(N = 33)

(N = 210)a

 

Users (%)

Mean (SD)

Users (%)

Mean (SD)

Users (%)

Mean (SD)

Users (%)

Mean (SD)

Inpatient care (days)

23 %

7.53 (8.57)

33 %

10.41 (10.02)

15 %

7.40 (5.41)

26 %

9.02 (9.09)

Emergency service (visits)

20 %

4.00 (1.22)

29 %

4.77 (3.88)

15 %

2.80 (0.55)

23 %

4.29 (2.94)

Outpatient visits

        

 General Practitioner

8 %

3.14 (1.57)

13 %

2.83 (1.03)

15 %

2.40 (0.89)

11 %

2.83 (1.17)

 Neurologist

96 %

5.09 (3.19)

100 %

5.19 (3.43)

97 %

3.75 (1.74)

98 %

4.94 (3.18)

 Other specialist

32 %

7.26 (10.94)

36 %

4.12 (3.94)

45 %

15.47 (27.05)

36 %

7.52 (14.32)

 Nurse

20 %

10.35 (13.40)

25 %

8.43 (6.32)

18 %

4.67 (1.63)

22 %

8.65 (9.32)

 Physiotherapist

11 %

43.56 (19.33)

38 %

71.26 (45.64)

64 %

74.76 (46.40)

31 %

68.55 (43.94)

 Psychologist

14 %

16.67 (19.97)

19 %

13.76 (17.87)

9 %

28.00 (45.03)

15 %

16.19 (21.31)

 Occupational therapist

2 %

29.00 (26.87)

1 %

48.00 (n.a.)

9 %

42.67 (33.31)

3 %

39.00 (25.54)

Complementary tests

        

 MRI

60 %

1.55 (1.00)

68 %

1.56 (1.35)

55 %

1.17 (0.51)

63 %

1.50 (1.13)

 CT

7 %

1.83 (1.17)

5 %

1.40 (0.89)

3 %

1.00 (n.a.)

6 %

1.58 (1.00)

 Lumbar puncture

15 %

1.15 (0.38)

11 %

1.30 (0.67)

6 %

1.00 (0.00)

12 %

1.20 (0.50)

Treatment with DMTsb

89 %

n.a.

93 %

n.a.

61 %

n.a.

87 %

n.a.

Prescribed co-medication (days)

        

 Depression

32 %

355.56 (23.09)

46 %

324.29 (89.89)

55 %

360.00 (0.00)

42 %

341.79 (64.79)

 Immunotherapy

1 %

12.00 (n.a.)

7 %

214.00 (162.85)

27 %

170.67 (114.75)

8 %

177.00 (135.09)

 Anti-spasticity medication

5 %

280.00 (160.00)

15 %

360.00 (0.00)

48 %

349.50 (42.00)

16 %

345.65 (61.20)

 Urologic

2 %

280.00 (138.56)

8 %

285.71 (127.39)

30 %

264.40 (157.25)

9 %

274.20 (137.71)

 Pain

11 %

282.22 (154.34)

24 %

295.82 (124.29)

9 %

360.00 (0.00)

16 %

297.88 (126.59)

 Steroids

13 %

28.36 (26.43)

10 %

32.44 (34.14)

3 %

8.00 (n.a.)

10 %

29.14 (29.04)

 Insomnia

10 %

360.00 (0.00)

11 %

325.20 (110.05)

15 %

360.00 (0.00)

11 %

332.17 (94.39)

 Fatigue

2 %

214.00 (206.47)

12 %

345.45 (48.24)

9 %

360.00 (0.00)

8 %

331.75 (80.87)

 Cognition

0 %

n.a.

3 %

320.00 (69.28)

3 %

360.00 (n.a.)

2 %

330.00 (60.00)

 Others

25 %

296.00 (122.74)

43 %

329.95 (91.30)

30 %

360.00 (0.00)

33 %

324.06 (96.97)

OTC medication

20 %

n.a.

29 %

n.a.

15 %

n.a.

23 %

n.a.

Utensils and/or modifications

        

 Home modifications

4 %

n.a.

19 %

n.a.

45 %

n.a.

17 %

n.a.

 Car modifications

4 %

n.a.

3 %

n.a.

15 %

n.a.

5 %

n.a.

 Walking stick

1 %

n.a.

35 %

n.a.

6 %

n.a.

17 %

n.a.

 Wheelchair (manual)

0 %

n.a.

9 %

n.a.

52 %

n.a.

12 %

n.a.

 Wheelchair (electric)

0 %

n.a.

1 %

n.a.

6 %

n.a.

1 %

n.a.

Professional care

13 %

n.a.

27 %

n.a.

33 %

n.a.

23 %

n.a.

  1. n.a. not applicable; DMTs Disease modifying therapies; MRI Magnetic resonance imaging; CT computed tomography; EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale; OTC Over the counter; SD Standard Deviation
  2. aTwo patients who presented no information for EDSS level are represented only on total. All analyses were made considering the total sample or total sample in each group
  3. bDMTs: Interferon beta-1a, Interferon beta-1b, Glatiramer acetate and Natalizumab
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