Table 4 Frequency ratings of some case management activities by profession
From: How do case managers spend time on their functions and activities?
Case management activities | Never | Seldom | Occasionally | Often | Very often | High frequency rating (often or very often) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
F1-identify potential clients requiring case management services | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 3 (6.7) | 5 (11.1) | 15 (33.3) | 11 (24.4) | 11 (24.4) | 22 (48.8) |
Social worker case managers (n = 37) | 2 (5.4) | 8 (21.6) | 11 (29.7) | 11 (29.7) | 5 (13.5) | 16 (43.2) |
Allied health case managers (n = 46) | 5 (10.9) | 9 (19.6) | 13 (28.3) | 9 (19.6) | 10 (21.7) | 19 (41.3) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 5 (21.7) | 3 (13.0) | 4 (17.4) | 6 (26.1) | 5 (21.7) | 11 (47.8) |
Total (N = 151) | 15 (9.9) | 25 (16.6) | 43 (28.5) | 37 (24.5) | 31 (20.5) | 68 (45.0) |
F2-organise secondary specialist assessment for clients if necessary | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 2 (4.4) | 13 (28.9) | 21 (46.7) | 9 (20.0) | 30 (66.7) | |
Social worker case managers (n = 37) | 1 (2.7) | 12 (32.4) | 18 (48.6) | 6 (16.2) | 24 (64.8) | |
Allied health case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 18 (40.0) | 20 (44.4) | 6 (13.3) | 26 (57.7) | |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 7 (30.4) | 12 (52.2) | 4 (17.4) | 16 (69.6) | ||
Total (N = 150) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.0) | 50 (33.3) | 71 (47.3) | 25 (16.7) | 96 (64.0) |
F3-assess clients’ readiness and willingness for case management services | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 8 (17.8) | 26 (57.8) | 10 (22.2) | 36 (80.0) | |
Social worker case managers (n = 37) | 8 (21.6) | 11 (29.7) | 9 (24.3) | 9 (24.3) | 18 (48.6) | |
Allied health case managers (n = 46) | 2 (4.3) | 4 (8.7) | 9 (19.6) | 17 (37.0) | 14 (30.4) | 31 (67.4) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 1 (4.3) | 4 (17.4) | 14 (60.9) | 4 (17.4) | 18 (78.3) | |
Total (N = 151) | 3 (2.0) | 13 (8.6) | 32 (21.2) | 66 (43.7) | 37 (24.5) | 103 (68.2) |
F7-assess clients’ relationships with key stakeholders (e.g. care providers, family members, carers, etc.) | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (4.4) | 16 (35.6) | 26 (57.8) | 42 (93.4) | |
Social worker case managers (n = 37) | 1 (2.7) | 15 (40.5) | 21 (56.8) | 36 (97.3) | ||
Allied health case managers (n = 46) | 3 (6.5) | 7 (15.2) | 17 (37.0) | 19 (41.3) | 36 (78.3) | |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 1 (4.3) | 5 (21.7) | 11 (47.8) | 6 (26.1) | 17 (73.9) | |
Total (N = 151) | 5 (3.3) | 15 (9.9) | 59 (39.1) | 72 (47.7) | 131 (86.8) | |
F11-conduct research on the availability of resources (particularly financial and care resources) and then develop care plans based on the research findings | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 5 (11.1) | 8 (17.8) | 6 (13.3) | 16 (35.6) | 10 (22.2) | 26 (57.8) |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 2 (5.6) | 8 (22.2) | 8 (22.2) | 7 (19.4) | 11 (30.6) | 18 (50.0) |
Allied health case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 5 (11.1) | 12 (26.7) | 19 (42.2) | 8 (17.8) | 27 (60.0) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (8.7) | 3 (13.0) | 13 (56.5) | 4 (17.4) | 17 (73.9) |
Total (N = 149) | 9 (6.0) | 23 (15.4) | 29 (19.5) | 55 (36.9) | 33 (22.1) | 88 (59.0) |
F13-assess barriers that may influence achieving expected goals and then determine corresponding strategies | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.2) | 20 (44.4) | 23 (51.1) | 43 (95.5) | |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (13.9) | 12 (33.3) | 18 (50.0) | 30 (83.3) | |
Allied health case managers (n = 45) | 2 (4.4) | 1 (2.2) | 8 (17.8) | 19 (42.2) | 15 (33.3) | 34 (75.5) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 1 (4.3) | 12 (52.2) | 10 (43.5) | 22 (95.7) | ||
Total (N = 149) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (2.7) | 14 (9.4) | 63 (42.3) | 66 (44.3) | 129 (86.6) |
F22-provide or facilitate to provide health prevention/education services to improve clients and carers’ wellness | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 17 (37.8) | 21 (46.7) | 7 (15.6) | 28 (62.3) | ||
Social worker case managers (n = 35) | 2 (5.7) | 4 (11.4) | 11 (31.4) | 11 (31.4) | 7 (20.0) | 18 (51.4) |
Allied health case managers (n = 44) | 2 (4.5) | 22 (50.0) | 12 (27.3) | 8 (18.2) | 20 (45.5) | |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 22) | 2 (9.1) | 10 (45.5) | 8 (36.4) | 2 (9.1) | 10 (45.5) | |
Total (N = 146) | 2 (1.4) | 8 (5.5) | 60 (41.1) | 52 (35.6) | 24 (16.4) | 76 (52.0) |
F29-monitor clients’ progress in terms of achieving expected outcomes at specific time frames as defined by care plans | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 3 (6.7) | 21 (46.7) | 21 (46.7) | 42 (93.4) | ||
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 2 (5.6) | 1 (2.8) | 7 (19.4) | 14 (38.9) | 12 (33.3) | 26 (72.2) |
Allied health case managers (n = 44) | 5 (11.4) | 28 (63.6) | 11 (25.0) | 39 (88.6) | ||
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 22) | 2 (9.1) | 13 (59.1) | 7 (31.8) | 20 (90.9) | ||
Total (N = 147) | 2 (1.4) | 1 (0.7) | 17 (11.6) | 76 (51.7) | 51 (34.7) | 127 (86.4) |
F33-develop implementation plans for evaluating the effects of case management plans systematically and periodically | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 6 (13.3) | 5 (11.1) | 8 (17.8) | 16 (35.6) | 10 (22.2) | 26 (57.8) |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 7 (19.4) | 7 (19.4) | 10 (27.8) | 9 (25.0) | 3 (8.3) | 12 (33.3) |
Allied health case managers (n = 44) | 9 (20.5) | 10 (22.7) | 13 (29.5) | 10 (22.7) | 2 (4.5) | 12 (27.2) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 22) | 2 (9.1) | 4 (18.2) | 5 (22.7) | 8 (36.4) | 3 (13.6) | 11 (50.0) |
Total (N = 147) | 24 (16.3) | 26 (17.7) | 36 (24.5) | 43 (29.3) | 18 (12.2) | 61 (41.5) |
F34-evaluate multicultural issues and other factors that influence achieving identified goals and expected outcomes | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 7 (15.6) | 13 (28.9) | 13 (28.9) | 11 (24.4) | 24 (53.3) |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 2 (5.6) | 1 (2.8) | 10 (27.8) | 16 (44.4) | 7 (19.4) | 23 (63.8) |
Allied health case managers (n = 44) | 2 (4.5) | 6 (13.6) | 9 (20.5) | 17 (38.6) | 10 (22.7) | 27 (61.3) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 22) | 1 (4.5) | 1 (4.5) | 6 (27.3) | 10 (45.5) | 4 (18.2) | 14 (63.7) |
Total (N = 147) | 6 (4.1) | 15 (10.2) | 38 (25.9) | 56 (38.1) | 32 (21.8) | 88 (59.9) |
F35-evaluate the effects related to identified goals and expected outcomes (e.g. client outcomes, carer outcomes, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefits, etc.) at specified timeframes as defined by care plans | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (4.4) | 8 (17.8) | 16 (35.6) | 18 (40.0) | 34 (75.6) |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 3 (8.3) | 4 (11.1) | 8 (22.2) | 12 (33.3) | 9 (25.0) | 21 (58.3) |
Allied health case managers (n = 44) | 3 (6.8) | 3 (6.8) | 10 (22.7) | 20 (45.5) | 8 (18.2) | 28 (63.7) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 22) | 1 (4.5) | 5 (22.7) | 13 (59.1) | 3 (13.6) | 16 (72.7) | |
Total (N = 147) | 7 (4.8) | 10 (6.8) | 31 (21.1) | 61 (41.5) | 38 (25.9) | 99 (67.4) |
F36-evaluate the feasibility, timeliness, availability, quality and appropriateness of services identified in care plans | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 45) | 2 (4.4) | 3 (6.7) | 5 (11.1) | 21 (46.7) | 14 (31.1) | 35 (77.8) |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 3 (8.3) | 5 (13.9) | 5 (13.9) | 9 (25.0) | 14 (38.9) | 23 (63.9) |
Allied health case managers (n = 44) | 3 (6.8) | 3 (6.8) | 11 (25.0) | 15 (34.1) | 12 (27.3) | 27 (61.4) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 22) | 3 (13.6) | 3 (13.6) | 11 (50.0) | 5 (22.7) | 16 (72.7) | |
Total (N = 147) | 8 (5.4) | 14 (9.5) | 24 (16.3) | 56 (38.1) | 45 (30.6) | 101 (68.7) |
F37-generate client summary reports and present them to key stakeholders (e.g. care professionals, care providers, payers, etc.) | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 44) | 4 (9.1) | 7 (15.9) | 9 (20.5) | 17 (38.6) | 7 (15.9) | 24 (54.5) |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 1 (2.8) | 9 (25.0) | 7 (19.4) | 15 (41.7) | 4 (11.1) | 19 (52.8) |
Allied health case managers (n = 45) | 5 (11.1) | 5 (11.1) | 15 (33.3) | 9 (20.0) | 11 (24.4) | 20 (44.4) |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 2 (8.7) | 3 (13.0) | 6 (26.1) | 8 (34.8) | 4 (17.4) | 12 (52.2) |
Total (N = 148) | 12 (8.1) | 24 (16.2) | 37 (25.0) | 49 (33.1) | 26 (17.6) | 75 (50.7) |
F38-document the processes of all the core functions as described above and communicate related information to key stakeholders (e.g. clients and carers, care professionals, care providers, payers, etc.) | ||||||
Nursing case managers (n = 44) | 4 (9.1) | 1 (2.3) | 4 (9.1) | 14 (31.8) | 21 (47.7) | 35 (79.5) |
Social worker case managers (n = 36) | 1 (2.8) | 3 (8.3) | 11 (30.6) | 21 (58.3) | 32 (88.9) | |
Allied health case managers (n = 45) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (4.4) | 6 (13.3) | 36 (80.0) | 42 (93.3) | |
Case managers with other professional backgrounds (n = 23) | 1 (4.3) | 8 (34.8) | 14 (60.9) | 22 (95.7) | ||
Total (N = 148) | 6 (4.1) | 1 (0.7) | 10 (6.8) | 39 (26.4) | 92 (62.2) | 131 (88.6) |