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Table 1 Case-managed community aged care programs/packages in Australia

From: How do case managers spend time on their functions and activities?

CACP program –comparative to low residential care (since 1992)

EACH program-comparative to high residential care (since 2002)

EACHD program-comparative to high residential care (since 2006)

CACP clients

EACH clients

EACHD clients

1) Frail older people aged 70 and over (50 and over if indigenous)

2) Preferring & being able to live in the community

3) Assessed as eligible for low residential care

4) Complex care needs resulting from physical, social & psychological conditions

5) Needing comprehensive care management & ongoing monitoring and review of their changing care needs.

1) Similar characteristics of CACP clients

2) High care needs & assessed as eligible for high residential care.

1) Similar characteristics of EACH clients

2) Behavioural & psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

CACP services

EACH services

EACHD services

1) Personal care (such as bathing & dressing)

2) Domestic care (such as housework, shopping, meal preparation & gardening)

3) Social support

4) Transport to appointments.

1) CACP services

2) Carer support

3) Allied health

4) Clinical nursing care

5) Certain mobility equipment

6) Continence consumables.

1) EACH services

2) Special care services (such as dementia care) for addressing clients’ BPSD problems.

Case management support, functions and activities

Typical case management support:

1) Needs assessment

2) Care planning

3) Identifying services that will best meet clients’ needs

4) Arranging additional services through brokerage (brokering/purchasing services from external agencies or persons) or advocacy

5) Monitoring ongoing needs & service delivery

6) Staff management related to clients (excluding rostering)

7) Liaising with family members & other professionals such as general practitioners

8) Administering packages, including leave, collection of fees & suspension of services and case closure if necessary.

Typical case management functions/activities:

1) Developing, monitoring & formally reviewing care plans

2) Coordinating & negotiating services provided by internal & external aged care organisations

3) Providing assistance for clients and carers, e.g. understanding and managing situations, behaviours and relationships; providing emotional support; assisting individuals to access and use general community services/facilities (advocacy); providing one-to-one training or advice

4) Communicating with & providing information (such as available services) to clients’ carers/family members.

  1. Note: 1. All three programs are funded by the Commonwealth Government of Australia. 2. Data sources: [2, 3638]