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Table 2 Characteristics of Related AEs Pre and Post-intervention in a VMMC Program Lilongwe, Malawi (2012)

From: Classification and rates of adverse events in a Malawi male circumcision program: impact of quality improvement training

 

First audit

Repeat audit

p-value

n = 3,000

n = 2,540

Severity

   

 Mild

6 (0.2)

67 (2.6)

<0.001

 Moderate

21 8 (7.3)

28 (1.1)

 

 Severe

33 (1.1)

20 (0.8)

 

Reportable (Moderate & Severe)

251 (8.4)

48 (1.9)

<0.001

Type of AE

   

 Infection

161 (5.4)

46 (1.8)

<0.001

 Hematoma

24 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

 Swelling

15 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

 Bleeding

10 (0.3)

37 (1.5)

 Wound disruption

2 (0.1)

16 (0.6)

 Delayed wound healing

12 (0.4)

3 (0.1)

 Damage to penis

3 (0.1)

1 (0.04)

 Insufficient skin removal

4 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

 Pain

0 (0.0)

5 (0.2)

 Urethral fistula

0 (0.0)

1 (0.04)

 Poor appearance

1 (0.03)

0 (0.0)

 Nonspecific or Unable to assess

 23 (0.8)

 0 (0.0)

 

First Audit n=257 (8.6 %)

Repeat Audit n=115 (4.5 %)

p-value

Appropriately treated

25 (9.7)

108 (93.9)

<0.001

Median (range) number of drugs/AE

2 (0–5)

1 (1–2)

<0.001