Inequalities in utilization of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia: the role of primary health care

Table 3 Wealth related inequality and inequity in health care service utilization for diarrheal treatment, modern contraceptives and place of delivery by type of facility

	2005				2011
	% using the service	Contribution (%)	Concentration index (95 % CI)	Horizontal inequity index	% using the service	Contribution (%)	Concentration index (95 % CI)	Horizontal inequity index
Diarrhea treatment
Government hospital	4.7	21.9	0.069 ((−0.220)–0.358)	0.085	0.7*	2.0	0.347 (0.048–0.645)	0.353
Government PHC^a	14.3	66.5	0.191 (0.111–0.270)	0.197	23.6*	73.5	0.094 (0.022–0.167)	0.091
Private facilities	2.5	11.6	0.140 (0.030–0.277)	0.151	7.9*	24.4	0.262 (0.100–0.424)	0.274
Total	21.5	100			32.1	100
Source of Modern contraceptive
Government hospital	0.8	4.5	0.616 (0.336–0.897)	0.577	0.3*	1.7	0.484 (0.229–0.739)	0.485
Government PHC^a	12.9	74.4	−0.080 ((–0.103)–(−0.057))	−0.083	15.9*	84.9	−0.071 ((−0.089)–(−0.054))	−0.071
Private facilities	2.7	15.7	0.171 (0.101–0.241)	0.183	1.9*	10.3	0.398 (0.269–0.528)	0.395
Other	0.9	5.4	0.095 ((−0.188)–0.186)	0.130	0.6^**	3.1	0.359 (0.030–0.690)	0.373
Total	17.4	100			18.7	100
Place of Delivery
Government hospital	3.0	52.6	0.829 (0.761–0.896)	0.854	3.8*	37.8	0.792 (0.720–0.864)	0.815
Government PHC^a	1.8	31.6	0.735 (0.637–0.834)	0.745	4.7*	47.1	0.670 (0.588–0.752)	0.702
Private facilities	0.9	15.8	0.487 (0.281–0.692)	0.433	1.5^**	15.1	0.691 (0.575–0.809)	0.679
Total	5.7	100			10.0	100

Note: *Indicate the p-value for trend over the period 2005 and 2011 is <0.01. ^**Indicate the p-value for trend over the period 2005 and 2011 is >0.05. ^aPHC denotes primary health care facilities that include health centers, health stations and health posts