Inequalities in utilization of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia: the role of primary health care

Table 1 Average, first and fifth quintile values and concentration indices of selected maternal and child health indicators in Ethiopia (DHS: 2005 and 2011)

Variables	Average value (%)		Lowest quintile value (%)		Highest quintile value (%)		Concentration index (95 % CI)
Year of DHS	2005	2011	2005	2011	2005	2011	2005	2011
Health service utilization:
Measles immunization	34.9	55.7*	24.9	45.3	52.5	79.7	0.113 (0.096–0.130)	0.085 (0.074–0.096)
Use of modern contraceptive method^a	17.4	18.7*	2.6	6.4	36.0	43.5	0.405 (0.369–0.441)	0.275 (0.247–0.303)
Morbidity:
ARI prevalence in children <5 years	15.9	19.7*	14.8	20.7	13.5	17.0	−0.004 ((−0.015)–0.023)	−0.010 ((–0.048)-0.049)
Diarrhea prevalence in children <5 years	17.2	15.0*	15.6	16.2	14.1	11.3	−0.037 ((-0.067)–(−0.007))	−0.029 ((−0.117)–0.059)
Fever prevalence in children <5 years	17.6	19.3^**	16.3	21.5	15.2	16.5	−0.025 ((−0.076)–0.026)	−0.025 ((−0.099)–0.049)
Prevalence of Stunting in children <5 years	47.0	44.0*	49.9	47.2	38.4	27.6	−0.026 ((−0.040)–(−0.012))	−0.048 ((−0.062)–(−0.038))

Note: *Indicate the p-value for trend over the period 2005 and 2011 is <0.001. ^**Indicate the p-value for trend over the period 2005 and 2011 is <0.05. ^aAll women aged 15–49 is used as the denominator

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