Ethiopia | India | Nepal | South Africa | Uganda | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence of antenatal depression | 12.0 % [14]a | Unknown | 49 % [43]b | 35.8 % [44]b | |
Prevalence of postnatal depression | 4.6 % [6]a | 24.5–35.5 % [42]b | 3.1–4.9 % [38]b | 35 % [7]b 31.7 % [35]b | 6.1 % [37]b |
Continuity of antenatal depression onto postnatal depression | 21.4 % [6]a | 19 % [50]b | 23.2 % [49]b | Unknown | |
Prevalence of puerperal psychosis | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0.3 % [67]b | Unknown |
Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy | 5 % (weekly use) [14]a | 5.8 % (among general women population) [65]b | 9.4 % [60]b | 25 % [64]b | |
15 % [61]b | |||||
Evidence of impact of perinatal depression on mother | Disability and increased health service use [48]b | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
Evidence of impact of perinatal depression on child | Increased diarrhoeal episodes [56]a and mortality [51] a; impaired development [52]b; no association with malnutrition [58]c [57]a | Malnutrition [20, 53]b; impaired cognitive development [20]b | Unknown | Poor attachment [54]b and mother-child relationship [7]b; no association with malnutrition [59]b | Unknown |
Prevalence of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 59.3–91.0 per 1000 births [66]b | 61 per 1000 birth defects [127]c |
Evidence of impact of puerperal psychosis on the mother and child | No studies | Suicidal ideation (38 %) and attempted 0suicide (15 %); ideas of harm to infant [68]b | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |