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Table 1 Maternal mental health across the PRIME districts

From: Maternal mental health in primary care in five low- and middle-income countries: a situational analysis

 

Ethiopia

India

Nepal

South Africa

Uganda

Prevalence of antenatal depression

12.0 % [14]a

9.2 % [46]b; 16.2 % [47]b

Unknown

49 % [43]b

35.8 % [44]b

Prevalence of postnatal depression

4.6 % [6]a

23 % [48]b; 19.8 % [47]b

24.5–35.5 % [42]b

3.1–4.9 % [38]b

9.8–19.4 % [32, 39, 40]b

35 % [7]b

31.7 % [35]b

6.1 % [37]b

Continuity of antenatal depression onto postnatal depression

21.4 % [6]a

65.5 % [47]b; 42 % [48]b

19 % [50]b

23.2 % [49]b

Unknown

Prevalence of puerperal psychosis

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

0.3 % [67]b

Unknown

Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy

5 % (weekly use) [14]a

5.8 % (among general women population) [65]b

9.4 % [60]b

34 % (urban) and 46–51 % (rural) [62]b; 19.9 % [63] b

25 % [64]b

15 % [61]b

Evidence of impact of perinatal depression on mother

Disability [55]a, prolonged labour [14]a

Disability and increased health service use [48]b

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Evidence of impact of perinatal depression on child

Increased diarrhoeal episodes [56]a and mortality [51] a; impaired development [52]b; no association with malnutrition [58]c [57]a

Malnutrition [20, 53]b; impaired cognitive development [20]b

Unknown

Poor attachment [54]b and mother-child relationship [7]b; no association with malnutrition [59]b

Unknown

Prevalence of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

59.3–91.0 per 1000 births [66]b

61 per 1000 birth defects [127]c

Evidence of impact of puerperal psychosis on the mother and child

No studies

Suicidal ideation (38 %) and attempted 0suicide (15 %); ideas of harm to infant [68]b

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

  1. aData from a different district, but same region as PRIME district; bData from a different region in the PRIME country; cNational data