Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Mean age (Mean, SD)

53.0 (13.8)

51.6 (11.5)

0.4121

Male (n, %)

52 (45.6)

50 (45.1)

0.9317

Race/Ethnicity (n, %)

 White/Caucasian

53 (46.5)

48 (43.2)

0.6243

 Black/African American

32 (28.1)

31 (27.9)

0.9810

 Hispanic

14 (12.3)

15 (13.5)

0.8437

 Asian/Pacific Islander

5 (4.4)

9 (8.1)

0.2810

 Native American or Alaska Native

1 (0.9)

2 (1.8)

0.6183

 Other or Multi-Racial

9 (7.9)

6 (5.4)

0.4542

Education (n, %)

 Grade School

2 (1.8)

1 (0.9)

0.5786

 Some High School

12 (10.5)

2 (1.8)

0.0068

 High School Graduate

29 (25.4)

29 (26.1)

0.9062

 Some College

30 (26.3)

44 (39.6)

0.0334

 College Graduate

26 (22.8)

24 (21.6)

0.8307

 Graduate School

15 (13.2)

11 (9.9)

0.4461

Employment (n, %)

 Full time

50 (43.9)

60 (54.1)

0.3379

 Part time

11 (9.6)

7 (6.3)

 Unemployed

15 (13.2)

11 (9.9)

 On Disability

19 (16.7)

11 (9.9)

 Student

2 (1.8)

2 (1.8)

 Homemaker

6 (5.3)

3 (2.7)

 Other

11 (9.6)

17 (15.3)

Insurance status (n, %)

 PPO

39 (34.2)

49 (44.1)

0.2585

 HMO

26 (22.8)

14 (12.6)

 Medicare

19 (16.7)

22 (19.8)

 Medicaid

16 (14.0)

10 (9.0)

 None

6 (5.3)

6 (5.4)

 Other

8 (7.0)

10 (9.0)

Years since T2DM Diagnosis (Mean, SD)

6.8 (6.0)

6.5 (5.4)

0.7192

BMI (Mean, SD)

34.4 (8.0)

35.6 (9.4)

0.3152

 Underweight (<18.5) (n,%)

0

0

0.8106

 Normal (18.5–24.99)

13 (11.4)

11 (9.9)

 Overweight (25–29.99)

22 (19.3)

21 (18.9)

 Obese class I (30–34.99)

32 (28.1)

27 (24.3)

 Obese class II (35–39.99)

15 (13.1)

21 (18.9)

 Obese class III (>40)

32 (28.1)

31 (27.9)

Comorbidities and Health Conditions (n,%)

 High Blood Pressure

82 (71.9)

69 (62.2)

0.1190

 Heart Disease

10 (8.8)

9 (8.1)

0.8579

 Stroke

3 (2.6)

5 (4.5)

0.4951

 High Cholesterol

59 (51.8)

57 (51.4)

0.9518

 High Triglycerides

23 (20.2)

27 (24.3)

0.4542

 Gallbladder Disease

8 (7.0)

5 (4.5)

0.4192

 Liver Disease

2 (1.8)

2 (1.8)

1.000

 Kidney Disease or Renal Failure

1 (0.9)

2 (1.8)

0.6183

 Pancreatitis

3 (2.6)

5 (4.5)

0.4951

 Insulin Resistance

5 (4.4)

7 (6.3)

0.5216

 Osteoporosis

3 (2.6)

2 (1.8)

1.000

 Peripheral Vascular Disease

5 (4.4)

5 (4.5)

1.000

 Hypoglycemia

3 (2.6)

5 (4.5)

0.4951

 Ketoacidosis

0

2 (1.8)

0.2423

 Neuropathy

12 (10.5)

9 (8.1)

0.5330

 Yeast or Urinary Tract Infection

22 (19.3)

11 (9.9)

0.0466

Baseline Knowledge, Decisional Conflict and Decision Self-efficacy

 Knowledge (% correct, mean, SD)

20.4 % (15.7)

22.6 % (16.9)

0.3150

 Knowledge confidence score (mean, SD)

56.1 (5.6)

56.9 (8.6)

0.4035

 Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) (mean, SD)

45.8 (18.8)

45.4 (16.9)

0.8559

 Uncertainty subscale

49.9 (24.5)

50.8 (24.9)

0.7915

 Informed subscale

56.9 (23.7)

58.5 (24.2)

0.6214

 Support subscale

36.6 (19.7)

37.2 (18.4)

0.8422

 Values Clarity subscale

48.6 (23.2)

45.1 (22.9)

0.2524

 Effective Decision subscale

39.1 (19.5)

37.8 (16.5)

0.5880

 Decisional Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES) (mean, SD)

85.9 (15.6)

85.6 (16.1)

0.8738