Table 1 Sampling frame parameters: criteria for SUPERs and (MSUs)

Established migrant, well embedded in own community, and comfortable to self-select/identify as a representative of that community

Currently a migrant, documented, seeking protection, low income, asylum-seeker, refugee or undocumented

Domiciled in Galway city or county

Domiciled in Galway city or county

Have active social and professional networks in own community, from which migrant research participants who fit recruitment parameters may be recruited (purposeful, network sample)

Have direct social or professional contact with an established migrant from the research team;

alternatively, have contact via broader migrant networks with an MSU already recruited into the study by an established migrant (purposeful, network sample)

Currently proficient in English language, but with previous or continuing (personal or professional) experience of language and culture challenges in cross-cultural primary care consultations in ROI (host country)

Current or previous experience of language and culture challenges in cross-cultural primary care consultations in ROI (host country)

Interested in availing of free training in participatory research techniques; prepared to commit time and energy to training as a peer researcher to progress sampling and fieldwork with other migrants in ROI

Willing to engage in a language-concordant participatory research study to share experiences and perspectives on language and culture challenges in cross-cultural primary care consultations in ROI