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Table 3 Mean (SD) resource utilization per patient by treatment group

From: Is exposure in vivo cost-effective for chronic low back pain? A trial-based economic evaluation

Type of utilization

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

 
 

GA (N = 31)

EXP (N = 31)

Mean difference (95 % CI)b

Number of contacts:

   

 General practitioner

2.74 (4.67)

2.13 (3.49)

−0.65 (-2.82 to 1.34)

 Medical specialist

2.02 (3.25)

1.98 (2.84)

−0.02 (-1.50 to 1.50)

 Other health care providersa

29.44 (51.01)

17.39 (27.10)

−12.44 (-32.53 to 5.87)

 Alternative health care

2.58 (5.53)

1.94 (9.44)

−0.63 (-3.71 to 3.63)

Prescriptions for medication:

   

 Anxiolytics

0.24 (0.99)

0.69 (2.66)

0.46 (-0.40 to 1.53)

 Antidepressants

0.16 (0.90)

0.32 (1.41)

0.13 (-0.40 to 0.73)

 Opioids

1.29 (3.59)

0.65 (1.93)

−0.70 (-2.26 to 0.57)

 Other medication

0.81(3.38)

1.17 (4.99)

0.38 (-1.61 to 2.58)

Over-the-counter medication

0.23 (0.50)

0.29 (0.53)

0.06 (-1.96 to 3.25)

Hospitalization (in days)

0.48 (2.69)

0

 

Hours of help:

   

 Home care

45.24 (176.96)

10.32 (40.00)

−35.16 (-112.26 to 12.02)

 Paid domestic work

5.16 (18.28)

10.32 (31.08)

3.43 (-7.26 to 17.07)

 Unpaid help

168.23(348.08)

179.26 (321.13)

19.26 (-140.76 to 182.94)

Hours absent from:

   

 Unpaid work

308.99 (416.81)

332.92 (442.99)

14.44 (-188.02 to 228.64)

 Usual activity

49.72 (100.98)

37.89 (76.05)

−12.08 (-58.31 to 31.26)

 Paid work

291.69 (501.99)

191.39 (362.60)

−104.81 (-324.84 to 103.69)

  1. GA Graded activity, EXP Exposure in vivo
  2. aPhysiotherapist, occupational therapist, manual therapist, Mensendieck therapist, Cesar therapist, psychologist, dietician, pedicurist, masseur, orthopedist, and social worker
  3. b95 % confidence intervals derived with independent samples T-test