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Table 2 Crude and adjusted regression estimates for the association between utilisation of physicians (in-and outpatient) and SES or need variables among asylum seekers

From: Equity in access to health care among asylum seekers in Germany: evidence from an exploratory population-based cross-sectional study

Explanatory variables

 

Bivariate models

Multiple regression models (adjusted for sex, age and general health)

OR [95 % CI]

  

Model I

Model II

Model III

   

Education

SSS

Education + SSS

Education

None/Primary (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

-

1 (Ref.)

Secondary

0.82 [0.29,2.32]

1.25 [0.25,6.14]

-

1.46 [0.19,11.47]

Tertiary

0.8 [0.28,2.25]

0.83 [0.19,3.69]

-

0.45 [0.08,2.65]

SSSa

Lower (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

-

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

Middle

1.6 [0.41,6.23]

-

4.09 [0.57,29.42]

5.55 [0.65,41.0]

High

0.58 [0.18,1.84]

-

1.45 [0.28,7.43]

1.37 [0.24,7.37]

Sex

Male (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

Female

1.35 [0.50,3.65]

1.59 [0.33,7.74]

2.29 [0.34,15.44]

2.11 [0.32,13.79]

Language

German (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

English

0.34 [0.12,0.98]

0.61 [0.11,3.42]

1.53 [0.23,10.42]

1.74 [0.21,14.73]

Othersc

1.17 [0.4,3.43]

2.11 [0.38,11.73]

5.63 [0.78,40.5]

7.34 [0.86,62.73]

Age (yrs)

 

1.16 [1.06,1.27]

1.14 [1.02,1.28]

1.22 [1.03,1.45]

1.23 [1.03,1.47]

General health statusb

“Good” (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

“Bad”

3.44 [1.48,8.00]

5.75 [1.32,25.03]

6.91 [1.43,33.5]

4.8 [0.9,25.5]

BIC

 

-

109.33

93.1

100.31

N

 

-

108

94

93

  1. OR indicates the odds ratio compared to the reference group, CI indicates 95 % confidence interval, Pseudo R2 squared for logistic regression, N absolute frequency of participating persons. Variations in N result from missing in single items. All data on utilisation of health care services refer to the past 12 months. aSSS: Subjective social status in Germany on a scale from 1 to 10. Lower: 1–4 points. Middle: 5–6 points. High: 7–10 points. b“How is your health in general?“ “Bad” = fair/bad/very bad. “Good” = good/very good. cOther languages: Arabic, French, Persian, Russian, Serbian. Bold figures: Reflect ORs which are smaller/larger than 1 with a confidence level of 95 %