The effect of cost-sharing in private health insurance on the utilization of health care services between private insurance purchasers and non-purchasers: a study of the Korean health panel survey (2008–2012)

Choi, Young; Kim, Jae-Hyun; Yoo, Ki-Bong; Cho, Kyoung Hee; Choi, Jae-Woo; Lee, Tae Hoon; Kim, Woorim; Park, Eun-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1153-0

Table 3 Effects of cost-sharing in indemnity health insurance on health care utilization

From: The effect of cost-sharing in private health insurance on the utilization of health care services between private insurance purchasers and non-purchasers: a study of the Korean health panel survey (2008–2012)

Variable	Outpatient visits per person			Inpatient admissions per person			Length of stay per person
Variable	ß	S.E	p-value	ß	S.E	p-value	ß	S.E	p-value
Sex
Man	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Woman	0.179	0.025	<.0001	−0.206	0.060	0.001	−0.356	0.093	0.000
Age
1–19	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
20–39	−0.592	0.041	<.0001	0.272	0.145	0.060	0.675	0.200	0.001
40–59	−0.426	0.049	<.0001	0.224	0.166	0.177	1.381	0.243	<.0001
above 60	−0.114	0.042	0.007	0.486	0.168	0.004	1.592	0.191	<.0001
Marital status
Divorced/widowed/unmarried	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Married	0.371	0.032	<.0001	0.261	0.066	<.0001	−0.068	0.147	0.646
Educational level
Below elementary school	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Middle school	−0.437	0.030	<.0001	−0.244	0.088	0.006	−0.317	0.126	0.012
High school	−0.573	0.031	<.0001	−0.284	0.074	0.000	−0.388	0.122	0.001
Above college	−0.790	0.040	<.0001	−0.515	0.109	<.0001	−0.670	0.204	0.001
Public health financing
National Health Insurance	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Medical Aid (for the poor)	0.245	0.037	<.0001	0.593	0.083	<.0001	0.770	0.139	<.0001
Chronic disease
None	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
One	0.818	0.032	<.0001	0.801	0.114	<.0001	1.056	0.148	<.0001
Two	1.133	0.036	<.0001	0.970	0.103	<.0001	1.089	0.186	<.0001
Three or more	1.478	0.035	<.0001	1.418	0.097	<.0001	1.340	0.150	<.0001
Household Income
Q1(High)	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Q2	−0.061	0.027	0.023	0.093	0.093	0.316	−0.011	0.115	0.926
Q3	−0.053	0.027	0.048	−0.037	0.080	0.639	−0.079	0.122	0.516
Q4(Low)	−0.088	0.028	0.002	−0.150	0.080	0.062	−0.137	0.139	0.324
Employment status
Employed or self-employed	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Unemployed or inactive	0.116	0.025	<.0001	0.320	0.055	<.0001	0.445	0.099	<.0001
Region
Rural	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Urban	−0.016	0.023	0.475	−0.296	0.055	<.0001	−0.293	0.087	0.001
Time
2008	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
2009	0.050	0.016	0.002	−0.073	0.067	0.281	0.124	0.113	0.269
2010	0.115	0.019	<.0001	0.020	0.067	0.769	0.036	0.096	0.708
2011	0.142	0.020	<.0001	0.047	0.071	0.505	−0.038	0.097	0.695
Group (indemnity health insurance)
Non-purchasers	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Purchasers	0.340	0.042	<.0001	0.320	0.153	0.036	0.202	0.184	0.272
Time x Group (difference in difference estimator)
2009	0.015	0.050	0.758	0.154	0.173	0.372	0.108	0.242	0.655
2010	−0.117	0.049	0.016	0.045	0.167	0.785	0.264	0.257	0.304
2011	−0.140	0.049	0.004	−0.209	0.169	0.216	−0.147	0.224	0.511

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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