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Table 3 Adjusted effects of socio-cultural capital and economic capital on child health-seeking behaviours for diarrhoea

From: Socio-economic inequalities in curative health-seeking for children in Egypt: analysis of the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey

Variable

 

Reported symptoms

Sought treatment

Timely treatment

Private treatment

 

Sample

9,994

837

517

517

  

OR (95 % CI)

p

OR (95 % CI)

p

OR (95 % CI)

p

OR (95 % CI)

p

Socio-cultural capitala

0.93 (0.80–1.07)

0.305

0.98 (0.71–1.35)

0.890

1.50 (0.98–2.27)

0.059

1.05 (0.70–1.57)

0.802

Economic capitala

0.98 (0.81–1.17)

0.787

1.33 (0.96–1.83)

0.082

0.93 (0.60–1.44)

0.747

1.99 (1.26–3.13)

0.003

Child age in months

0–5

0.57 (0.44–0.74)

<0.001

0.83 (0.50–1.39)

0.478

1.04 (0.59–1.83)

0.893

0.88 (0.42–1.81)

0.722

 

6–11

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

12–23

0.51 (0.42–0.63)

<0.001

0.82 (0.54–1.25)

0.351

0.84 (0.49–1.45)

0.527

0.82 (0.45–1.50)

0.578

 

24–35

0.30 (0.23–0.38)

<0.001

0.50 (0.31–0.81)

0.005

1.39 (0.71–2.72)

0.334

0.95 (0.45–2.01)

0.893

 

36–47

0.14 (0.11–0.19)

<0.001

0.51 (0.28–0.93)

0.028

1.68 (0.77–3.70)

0.194

0.38 (0.17–0.84)

0.018

 

48–59

0.12 (0.09–0.17)

<0.001

0.55 (0.29–1.06)

0.074

1.15 (0.42–3.15)

0.785

0.68 (0.28–1.63)

0.383

Child sex

Male

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Female

0.90 (0.77–1.04)

0.168

0.97 (0.71–1.34)

0.861

1.11 (0.74–1.67)

0.626

1.50 (0.98–2.30)

0.061

Preceding birth interval

<24 months

1.02 (0.80–1.32)

0825

0.72 (0.44–1.19)

0.200

1.37 (0.71–2.66)

0.349

0.71 (0.35–1.45)

0.348

 

24–47 months

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

≥48 months

0.94 (0.74–1.19)

0.599

1.00 (0.62–1.62)

0.984

1.23 (0.65–2.30)

0.521

1.06 (0.52–2.18)

0.868

 

Only child

0.91 (0.72–1.16)

0.455

0.94 (0.60–1.48)

0.790

1.14 (0.58–2.23)

0.704

1.40 (0.66–2.96)

0.377

Mother’s age group

14–19

1.36 (1.00–1.84)

0.043

1.06 (0.63–1.78)

0.826

1.48 (0.70–3.13)

0.299

1.18 (0.53–2.66)

0.686

 

20–24

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

25–29

0.89 (0.72–1.11)

0.302

0.98 (0.65–1.49)

0.941

1.17 (0.70–2.00)

0.556

0.81 (0.44–1.49)

0.498

 

30–34

0.93 (0.71–1.22)

0.628

0.76 (0.45–1.28)

0.298

0.90 (0.45–1.80)

0.770

0.97 (0.44–2.13)

0.938

 

35–39

0.70 (0.49–1.00)

0.054

1.07 (0.52–2.21)

0.815

0.87 (0.32–2.37)

0.781

0.65 (0.24–1.72)

0.381

 

40–49

0.69 (0.40–2.20)

0.192

0.89 (0.26–2.98)

0.873

0.26 (0.07–0.97)

0.045

0.68 (0.16–2.87)

0.601

Mother female head status

Yes

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

No

0.92 (0.73–1.16)

0.505

0.98 (0.61–1.58)

0.939

0.53 (0.28–0.99)

0.049

1.41 (0.69–2.88)

0.347

Children <5 in household

1

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

2

0.86 (0.69–1.06)

0.153

0.83 (0.55–1.24)

0.359

0.89 (0.50–1.58)

0.695

0.82 (0.44–1.55)

0.545

 

3/4

0.81 (0.62–1.05)

0.108

1.12 (0.61–2.06)

0.720

0.90 (0.42–1.93)

0.786

1.50 (0.63–3.54)

0.356

Region

Urban

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Rural

0.79 (0.64–0.99)

0.036

1.29 (0.87–1.90)

0.200

1.74 (1.05–2.87)

0.031

1.15 (0.64–2.06)

0.644

Month of interview

March

2.03 (1.62–2.53)

<0.001

    

1.06 (0.62–1.80)

0.838

 

April

1 (ref)

     

1 (ref)

 
 

May/June

1.00 (0.80–1.27)

0.951

    

0.60 (0.31–1.14)

0.121

Blood in stool

No

  

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Yes

  

2.25 (1.10–4.62)

0.027

0.86 (0.38–1.95)

0.718

0.63 (0.28–1.42)

0.261

Fever in recall period

No

  

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Yes

  

1.60 (1.08–2.38)

0.020

1.33 (0.84–2.11)

0.227

0.87 (0.50–1.51)

0.621

ARI in recall period

No

  

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
 

Yes

  

2.19 (1.37–3.51)

0.001

0.63 (0.38–1.06)

0.082

0.92 (0.53–1.61)

0.773

Timely diarrhoea treatment

No

      

1 (ref)

 
 

Yes

      

2.08 (1.29–3.34)

0.003

  1. OR Odds ratio. P-value of Wald test. ARI Acute respiratory infection. 95%CI 95 % confidence interval. Weighted sample sizes reported
  2. aOdds of health-seeking behaviour under investigation associated with one unit increase in standardised score