A cross-sectional survey of emergency and essential surgical care capacity among hospitals with high trauma burden in a Central African country

Table 3 Overview of procedure and referral patterns: Mean percentage by type of hospital

Procedure	District (n = 7)		Regional (n = 2)		General (n = 2)		Missionary (n = 1)		Total (N = 12)
Procedure	Performs	Refers	Performs	Refers	Performs	Refers	Performs	Refers	Performs	Refers
Incision and drainage of abscess	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	0
Suturing	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	0
Wound debridement	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	0
General surgery procedures^a	100	5	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	3
Biopsy	100	14	100	0	100	0	100	0	100	8
Obstetrical/gynecology procedures^b	82	14	100	0	100	0	75	25	88	10
Burn management^c	93	50	100	50	100	0	100	100	96	46
Orthopedic procedures^d	86	34	100	10	100	0	100	20	92	23
Chest tube insertion	86	29	100	0	100	0	100	0	92	17
Urology procedures^e	79	21	100	13	100	0	75	25	85	17
Resuscitation	71	86	100	50	100	0	100	100	83	67
Pediatric surgery procedures^f	68	39	75	25	100	0	75	50	75	31
Ear, nose, and throat procedures^g	50	64	100	50	100	0	100	50	71	50
Anesthesia^h	61	18	63	0	88	0	100	0	69	10
Ophthalmology proceduresⁱ	0	86	0	100	50	100	100	0	17	83

^aIncludes herniorrhaphy, appendectomy, laparotomy
^b Includes obstetric fistula repair, dilatation and curettage, cesarean section, tubal ligation
^c Includes acute burn management, contracture release, skin grafting
^dIncludes open and closed fracture treatment, joint dislocation, amputation, drainage of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis
^eIncludes male circumcision, hydrocele repair, cystostomy, urethral stricture repair
^fIncludes congenital hernia repair, club-foot treatment, neonatal surgery, cleft lip repair
^gIncludes removal of foreign body, cricothyroidotomy, tracheostomy
^hIncludes general, regional, spinal, and ketamine anesthesia
ⁱIncludes cataract removal

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