Age (years)
|
57.51
|
Proportion female (%)
|
47.00
|
Duration of diabetes (years)
|
6.01
|
Height (m)
|
1.69
|
Proportion Afro-Caribbean (%)
|
6.20b
|
Proportion smokers
|
36.90
|
HbA1ca (%)
|
8.05
|
Weight (kg)
|
87.84
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
133.30
|
TC (mg/dL)
|
199.57
|
HDL-C (mg/dL)
|
44.09
|
Treatment effect
|
DAPA + MET
|
DPP-4i + MET
|
Insulin + METg
|
Intensified insulinc
|
∆HbA1cc (%)
|
−0.69
|
−0.61
|
−1.10
|
−1.11
|
∆Weightc (kg)
|
−3.36
|
−0.61
|
+1.08
|
+1.90h
|
∆SBPc (mmHG)
|
0d
|
0d
|
0d
|
0d
|
∆TCc (mg/dL)
|
0d
|
0d
|
0d
|
0d
|
∆HDL-Cc (mg/dL)
|
0d
|
0d
|
0d
|
0d
|
Probability of Discontinuatione
|
0.081
|
0.043
|
0d
|
0d
|
Probability. of hypoglycaemic events (symptomatic)f
|
0.031
|
0.046
|
0.011
|
0.616
|
Probability of hypoglycaemia (severe)f
|
0.0004
|
0.001
|
0.037
|
0.022
|
Probability of urinary tract infectionf
|
0.074
|
0.054
|
0d
|
0d
|
Probability of genital infectionf
|
0.123
|
0d
|
0d
|
0d
|
Event
|
Utility decrement
|
Source
|
Diabetes-related complications
| | |
Ischaemic heart disease
|
0.090
|
Clarke, 2003 [23]
|
Myocardial infarction
|
0.550
|
Clarke, 2003 [23]
|
Congestive heart failure
|
0.108
|
Clarke, 2003 [23]
|
Stroke
|
0.164
|
Clarke, 2003 [23]
|
Amputation
|
0.280
|
Clarke, 2003 [23]
|
Blindness
|
0.074
|
Clarke, 2003 [23]
|
End-stage renal disease
|
0.263
|
Currie, 2005 [24]
|
Hypoglycaemia
| | |
Symptomatic
|
0.042
|
Currie, 2006 [39]
|
Nocturnal
|
0.008
|
Currie, 2006 [39]
|
Severe
|
0.047
|
Currie, 2006 [39]
|
Adverse events
| | |
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
|
0.00283
|
Barry, 1997 [25]
|
Genital infection
|
0.00283
|
Assumed to be the same as UTI
|
BMI changes
| | |
Per unit increase
|
0.0472
|
Lane, 2012 [26]
|
Per unit decrease
|
+0.0171
|
Lane, 2012 [26]
|
Drug acquisition cost
|
Price per tableti
|
Dose per tablet/pen
|
Daily dose
|
Annual cost (£)
|
Dapagliflozin
|
£1.31
|
10 mg
|
10 mg
|
£476.92
|
DPP-4i (sitagliptinj)
|
£1.19
|
100 mg
|
100 mg
|
£433.57
|
Metformin
|
£0.02
|
500 mg
|
2000 mg
|
£23.46
|
Insulink (Insuman® Basal)
|
£0.47/day
|
300 IU
|
40 IU
|
£170.23
|
Intensified insulin
|
£0.70/day
|
300 IU
|
60 IU
|
£256.96
|
Diabetes-related complication costl
|
Fatal
|
Non-Fatal
|
Maintenance
|
Source
|
Ischaemic heart disease
|
-
|
£3,479
|
£1,149
|
Clarke, 2003 [21]
|
Myocardial infarction
|
£2,244
|
£6,709
|
£1,105
|
Clarke, 2003 [21]
|
Congestive heart failure
|
£3,880
|
£3,880
|
£1,360
|
Clarke, 2003 [21]
|
Stroke
|
£5,658
|
£4,103
|
£776
|
Clarke, 2003 [21]
|
Amputation
|
£13,359
|
£13,359
|
£771
|
Clarke, 2003 [21]
|
Blindness
|
-
|
£1,752
|
£742
|
Clarke, 2003 [21]
|
End-stage renal disease
|
-
|
£34,806
|
£34,806
|
Baboolal, 2008 [40]
|
Adverse event, renal monitoring and discontinuation costs
|
Cost input
|
Source
|
Severe hypoglycaemic event
|
£390
|
Hammer, 2009 [41]
|
Renal monitoring
|
£38.67
|
Assumed to incur one GP visit cost and a 24-hour creatine clearance determination [42, 43]
|
Urinary tract infection, genital infection
|
£36
|
Assumed to incur one GP visit cost [42]
|
Discontinuation
|
£36
|
Assumed to incur one GP visit cost [42]
|