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Table 4 Multivariate analyses: underuse of carea

From: Race/ethnicity, and Americans’ perceptions and experiences of over- and under-use of care: a cross-sectional study

 

General underuse (Modelling ‘yes, major problem)

Personal experiences with underuse (Modelling ‘yes’)

Cost-related underuse (Modelling ‘yes’)

N

968

978

955

Race/Ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic White (REF)

   

 Non-Hispanic Black

3.07 (1.72, 5.45)

1.16 (0.63, 2.11)

1.72 (0.89, 3.29)

 Hispanic

2.12 (1.24, 3.61)

0.61 (0.33, 1.13)

0.97 (0.47, 2.02)

 Non-Hispanic other

0.43 (0.23, 0.80)

1.17 (0.52, 2.63)

0.49 (0.15, 1.59)

Gender

 Male (REF)

   

 Female

1.46 (1.09, 1.95)

1.99 (1.30, 3.05)

1.10 (0.68, 1.79)

Age

 18–29 (REF)

   

 30–49

0.72 (0.47, 1.09)

0.74 (0.45, 1.21)

1.98 (0.99, 3.98)

 50–64

0.78 (0.49, 1.24)

0.43 (0.24, 0.79)

1.56 (0.72, 3.38)

 65+

0.53 (0.31, 0.88)

0.09 (0.03, 0.26)

0.67 (0.23, 1.92)

Education

 Attended high school REF)

   

 Graduated high school

1.49 (0.90, 2.47)

0.37 (0.20, 0.70)

1.49 (0.67, 3.29)

 Attended college

1.87 (1.08, 3.22)

1.09 (0.58, 2.04)

3.16 (1.38, 7.21)

 Graduated college

1.56 (0.90, 2.71)

0.77 (0.38, 1.57)

2.32 (0.94, 5.74)

Family incomeb

 <$50k (REF)

   

 $50,000+

0.73 (0.51, 1.04)

0.50 (0.30, 0.82)

0.61 (0.34, 1.10)

Self-reported health status

 Fair/Poor (REF)

   

 Excellent

0.47 (0.29, 0.78)

0.16 (0.07, 0.35)

0.17 (0.06, 0.45)

 Very good

0.85 (0.55, 1.31)

0.30 (0.17, 0.52)

0.29 (0.15, 0.55)

 Good

0.93 (0.60, 1.44)

0.37 (0.21, 0.64)

0.37 (0.20, 0.70)

Insurance status

 Uninsured (REF)

   

 Insured

0.62 (0.38, 1.03)

0.87 (0.51, 1.47)

0.52 (0.28, 0.97)

  1. Reference groups: NH-White, Male, Age: 18–29, Education: attended high school, Family Income: <$50k, Self-Report Health Status: Fair/Good
  2. aLogistic regressions models controlled for sample weights; all models included adjusted for all covariates
  3. bTotal family income from all sources before taxes in 2008