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Table 2 Characteristics for recent adult female immigrants (18 years+) who arrived in Ontario from 1993–2007, by region of origin, and for their matched long term resident comparators in urban Ontario (N (%))

From: Mental health service use by recent immigrants from different world regions and by non-immigrants in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional study

 

Immigrants by regionc

Matched comparators

Characteristics

Central and Eastern Europe

Caribbean

East Asia and Pacific

Eastern and Southern Africa

Latin America

Industrialized countries

Middle East and North Africa

South Asia

West and Central Africa

All immigrants

P-value*

Long term residentsd

Population size

N (%)

47,967 (9.8)

32,726 (6.7)

122,711 (25.1)

15,529 (3.2)

23,673 (4.8)

69,137 (14.1)

35,445 (7.2)

134,029 (27.4)

8,524 (1.7)

489,741 (100.0)

 

487,751 (99.6 %)

Age at immigration (years)a

Mean ± SD

36.86 ± 12.84

36.36 ± 13.50

36.58 ± 12.60

34.04 ± 13.66

35.22 ± 11.92

36.59 ± 12.92

35.62 ± 12.99

35.04 ± 13.30

32.83 ± 10.32

35.89 ± 12.95

<.001

 

Admission classa

Economic

26,908 (56.1)

11,610 (35.5)

67,760 (55.2)

2,993 (19.3)

7,209 (30.5)

32,742 (47.4)

14,743 (41.6)

45,913 (34.3)

2,858 (33.5)

212,736 (43.4)

<.001

 

Family

13,101 (27.3)

20,397 (62.3)

50,059 (40.8)

4,271 (27.5)

10,799 (45.6)

34,341 (49.7)

13,109 (37.0)

71,894 (53.6)

3,439 (40.3)

221,410 (45.2)

  

Refugees

7958 (16.6)

716 (2.2)

4892 (4)

8265 (53.3)

5665 (23.9)

2054 (3)

7593 (21.5)

16222 (12.1)

2227 (26.1)

64,029 (15.2)

  

Marital Statusa

Married

35,685 (74.4)

17,777 (54.3)

83,536 (68.1)

8,272 (53.3)

15,987 (67.5)

49,420 (71.5)

25,392 (71.6)

105,184 (78.5)

5,036 (59.1)

346,289 (70.7)

<.001

 

Separated

5,493 (11.5)

3,389 (10.4)

7,950 (6.5)

2,096 (13.5)

2,141 (9.0)

5,321 (7.7)

2,919 (8.2)

8,588 (6.4)

803 (9.4)

38,700 (7.9)

  

Single

6,777 (14.1)

11,528 (35.2)

31,210 (25.4)

5,158 (33.2)

5,537 (23.4)

14,388 (20.8)

7,127 (20.1)

20,243 (15.1)

2,681 (31.5)

104,649 (21.4)

  

Education levela

None

450 (0.9)

493 (1.5)

2,040 (1.7)

1,411 (9.1)

556 (2.3)

1,044 (1.5)

1,260 (3.6)

9,616 (7.2)

277 (3.2)

17,147 (3.5)

<.001

 

More than high school

34,852 (72.7)

8,308 (25.4)

78,399 (63.9)

4,675 (30.1)

13,877 (58.6)

38,716 (56.0)

18,452 (52.1)

64,605 (48.2)

4,136 (48.5)

266,020 (54.3)

  

Secondary

12,665 (26.4)

23,925 (73.1)

42,272 (34.4)

9,443 (60.8)

9,240 (39.0)

29,377 (42.5)

15,733 (44.4)

59,808 (44.6)

4,111 (48.2)

206,574 (42.2)

  

Languagea

English/French

28,504 (59.4)

32,497 (99.3)

60,169 (49.0)

12,362 (79.6)

15,117 (63.9)

49,589 (71.7)

22,000 (62.1)

71,509 (53.4)

7,421 (87.1)

299,168 (61.1)

<.001

 

Neither

19,463 (40.6)

229 (0.7)

62,542 (51.0)

3,167 (20.4)

8,555 (36.1)

19,547 (28.3)

13,445 (37.9)

62,520 (46.6)

1,103 (12.9)

190,571 (38.9)

  

Period of arrivala

1993–1997

15,078 (31.4)

17,199 (52.6)

37,141 (30.3)

5,659 (36.4)

6,548 (27.7)

34,400 (49.8)

10,601 (29.9)

35,498 (26.5)

2,101 (24.6)

164,225 (33.5)

<.001

 

1998–2002

19,679 (41.0)

9,396 (28.7)

42,307 (34.5)

4,848 (31.2)

7,364 (31.1)

19,400 (28.1)

12,544 (35.4)

49,073 (36.6)

2,952 (34.6)

167,563 (34.2)

  

2003–2007

13,210 (27.5)

6,131 (18.7)

43,263 (35.3)

5,022 (32.3)

9,761 (41.2)

15,337 (22.2)

12,300 (34.7)

49,458 (36.9)

3,471 (40.7)

157,953 (32.3)

  

Income quintileb

1 (low)

20,878 (43.5)

14,251 (43.5)

43,097 (35.1)

7,935 (51.1)

8,688 (36.7)

14,901 (21.6)

13,601 (38.4)

58,547 (43.7)

4,619 (54.2)

186,517 (38.1)

<.001

89,042 (18.3)

2

10,280 (21.4)

7,941 (24.3)

32,283 (26.3)

2,870 (18.5)

5,620 (23.7)

14,420 (20.9)

7,036 (19.9)

32,662 (24.4)

1,816 (21.3)

114,928 (23.5)

 

97,505 (20.0)

3

6,579 (13.7)

5,324 (16.3)

20,668 (16.8)

1,759 (11.3)

3,699 (15.6)

13,236 (19.1)

5,902 (16.7)

22,277 (16.6)

1,020 (12.0)

80,464 (16.4)

 

99,135 (20.3)

4

5,338 (11.1)

3,349 (10.2)

14,259 (11.6)

1,400 (9.0)

2,975 (12.6)

12,407 (17.9)

4,976 (14.0)

13,251 (9.9)

649 (7.6)

58,604 (12.0)

 

100,623 (20.6)

5 (high)

4,468 (9.3)

1,562 (4.8)

11,156 (9.1)

1,326 (8.5)

2,421 (10.2)

13,357 (19.3)

3,498 (9.9)

6,160 (4.6)

314 (3.7)

44,262 (9.0)

 

97,952 (20.1)

Missing

424 (0.9)

299 (0.9)

1,248 (1.0)

239 (1.5)

270 (1.1)

816 (1.2)

432 (1.2)

1,132 (0.8)

106 (1.2)

4,966 (1.0)

 

3,494 (0.7)

  1. *T-tests and chi-square tests compared characteristics among immigrants from the CIC across nine mutually exclusive regions
  2. aFrom the CIC
  3. bNot from the CIC
  4. cImmigrants who arrived in Canada between 1993 and 2007 with Ontario as their intended destination were identified in the Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) database. Region groupings were based on a modified version of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) classification system
  5. dLong term residents were Canadian born or long term immigrants who arrived pre-1985