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Table 4 Odds ratios from logistic regression models explaining home care receipt by payer

From: Who pays for home care? A study of nationally representative data on disabled older Americans

 

Public program only

 

Medicare only [A]

Medicaid [B]

Personal only [C]

Public & Personal [D]

Odds ratio

(95 % CI)

Odds ratio

(95 % CI)

Odds ratio

(95 % CI)

Odds ratio

(95 % CI)

Need for caregiving

 

No. of ADL's

 

 1-2

2.53**

(1.49–4.32)

1.42

(0.88–2.27)

0.96

(0.82–1.13)

1.55

(0.95–2.52)

 3-4

4.79**

(2.81–8.16)

2.74**

(1.72–4.38)

1.34**

(1.12–1.62)

2.78**

(1.65–4.71)

 5-6

6.10**

(3.45–10.78)

3.37**

(1.98–5.72)

2.00**

(1.59–2.51)

6.54**

(3.77–11.33)

No. of IADL's

 

 2-3

2.47**

(1.41–4.34)

2.32**

(1.26–4.28)

2.28**

(1.91–2.72)

2.19**

(1.24–3.85)

 4-5

4.68**

(2.66–8.22)

5.71**

(3.12–10.46)

3.55**

(2.89–4.35)

3.39**

(1.83–6.28)

 6-8

6.17**

(3.44–11.06)

9.66**

(5.20–17.97)

4.27**

(3.40–5.36)

4.38**

(2.33–8.24)

Age

0.99

(0.98–1.01)

0.98*

(0.96–1.00)

1.03**

(1.02–1.04)

1.02

(1.00–1.03)

Demographics

 

Female

0.88

(0.68–1.14)

0.91

(0.68–1.22)

0.92

(0.80–1.05)

1.22

(0.94–1.58)

Race

 

 African American

1.02

(0.70–1.49)

1.56*

(1.10–2.22)

0.44**

(0.33–0.58)

0.72

(0.50–1.06)

 Other

1.05

(0.38–2.91)

0.80

(0.30–2.14)

0.96

(0.49–1.88)

0.27

(0.03–2.20)

Hispanic

0.67

(0.37–1.21)

1.23

(0.75–2.03)

1.02

(0.74–1.41)

0.75

(0.42–1.36)

Economic resources

 

Education

        

 High school grad

1.01

(0.77–1.33)

0.56**

(0.41–0.78)

1.79**

(1.56–2.06)

1.10

(0.84–1.44)

 College degree

0.96

(0.59–1.57)

0.12**

(0.04–0.39)

2.90**

(2.37–3.56)

1.89**

(1.25–2.86)

Family income

 

 15,000-29,999

0.67*

(0.49–0.92)

0.28**

(0.18–0.44)

1.72**

(1.46–2.04)

0.63**

(0.46–0.87)

 30,000-49,999a

0.40**

(0.21–0.77)

0.22**

(0.09–0.57)

1.79**

(1.39–2.31)

0.48*

(0.26–0.89)

 50,000-74,999

0.48

(0.22–1.05)

(variable omitted)a

2.13**

(1.56–2.91)

0.45*

(0.20–0.99)

 75,000+

0.37

(0.09–1.57)

(variable omitted)a

3.72**

(2.50–5.53)

0.12*

(0.02–0.92)

 Missing

0.52**

(0.38–0.72)

(0.26–0.54)

1.41**

(1.20–1.65)

0.82

(0.61–1.10)

Economic resources

  

Home assets

  

 Yes, but missing

0.87

(0.64–1.17)

0.52**

(0.37–0.73)

0.74**

(0.63–0.87)

0.68*

(0.50–0.93)

  < 150,000

0.95

(0.70–1.31)

0.43**

(0.31–0.61)

0.72**

(0.62–0.85)

0.52**

(0.39–0.70)

  ≥ 150,000

0.70

(0.41–1.20)

0.14**

(0.05–0.40)

0.86

(0.70–1.07)

0.60*

(0.39–0.93)

Year

 

 1994

3.48**

(2.47–4.89)

1.06

(0.74–1.53)

1.12

(0.96–1.31)

0.32**

(0.24–0.45)

 1999

1.99**

(1.33–2.97)

1.14

(0.78–1.67)

0.49**

(0.41–0.59)

0.39**

(0.28–0.55)

 2004

0.89

(0.57–1.40)

1.09

(0.75–1.58)

0.34**

(0.28–0.40)

0.15**

(0.10–0.23)

Informal resources

 

Informal care hours

 

 0

1.28

(0.92–1.79)

3.84**

(2.56–5.74)

5.17**

(4.18–6.39)

1.20

(0.85–1.71)

 1-8

1.18

(0.83–1.67)

2.31**

(1.51–3.52)

2.98**

(2.40–3.70)

1.42*

(1.01–2.00)

 9-24

1.00

(0.70–1.42)

1.20

(0.75–1.93)

1.63**

(1.29–2.06)

1.00

(0.70–1.43)

Marital status

 

 Single

0.55

(0.29–1.05)

1.09

(0.56–2.13)

1.34

(0.97–1.85)

0.89

(0.49–1.61)

 Widowed

0.91

(0.67–1.22)

1.27

(0.86–1.89)

1.65**

(1.41–1.93)

1.03

(0.76–1.39)

 Divorced

1.13

(0.71–1.78)

1.83*

(1.14–2.94)

1.49**

(1.16–1.92)

0.82

(0.46–1.46)

Number of children

 

 1

0.51**

(0.34–0.76)

0.59*

(0.38–0.94)

0.81*

(0.67–0.99)

0.88

(0.60–1.30)

 2

0.52**

(0.36–0.76)

0.54**

(0.35–0.84)

0.86

(0.71–1.04)

0.57**

(0.38–0.84)

 3

0.52**

(0.35–0.79)

0.73

(0.45–1.19)

0.70**

(0.57–0.86)

0.73

(0.49–1.11)

 4+

0.57**

(0.40–0.81)

0.95

(0.64–1.42)

0.61**

(0.49–0.75)

0.70

(0.48–1.03)

  1. NLTCS, 1989–2004 (N = 11,725). Models include state fixed effects
  2. *p < .05, **p < .01
  3. aFamily income was topcoded at $30,000+ in the Medicaid model due to the very small number of respondents with incomes over $30,000 receiving services financed by Medicaid. Therefore, the second income dummy variable gives the difference in the outcome between those with incomes over $30,000 and those in the lowest income category