Table 5 Factors associated with non-hospitalization among empty-nest elderly in Shandong, China (2012)
From: Non-use of health care service among empty-nest elderly in Shandong, China: a cross-sectional study
Variable | Univariate model | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-user (%) | P-value | OR c a | OR c 95 % CI | P-value | OR a b | OR a 95 % CI | |
Predisposing factors | |||||||
Gender | NA c | ||||||
Male | 107(37.0) | 1.0 | |||||
Female | 114(35.3) | 0.656 | 0.93 | 0.67–1.29 | |||
Age | NA | ||||||
60− | 95(35.1) | 1.0 | |||||
70− | 94(36.7) | 0.691 | 1.08 | 0.75–1.54 | |||
80+ | 32(37.6) | 0.664 | 1.12 | 0.68–1.85 | |||
Marriage status | NA | ||||||
Married | 173(34.7) | 1.0 | |||||
Others | 48(42.1) | 0.141 | 1.37 | 0.90–2.07 | |||
Education | NA | ||||||
Primary and below | 138(35.4) | 1.0 | |||||
Junior | 37(38.5) | 0.564 | 1.15 | 0.72–1.82 | |||
High or above | 46(36.5) | 0.819 | 1.05 | 0.69–1.60 | |||
Enabling factors | |||||||
Residence | NA | ||||||
Urban | 142(35.9) | 1.0 | |||||
Rural | 79(36.6) | 0.860 | 1.03 | 0.73–1.46 | |||
Living arrangements | NA | ||||||
Empty-nest singles | 48(42.1) | 1.0 | |||||
Empty-nest couples | 173(34.7) | 0.141 | 0.73 | 0.48–1.11 | |||
Low-income household d | |||||||
No | 190(33.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes | 31(62.0) | 0.000 | 3.19 | 1.76–5.80 | 0.005 | 3.55 | 1.91–6.59 |
Insurance e | |||||||
None | 29(76.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
MIUE | 79(33.9) | 0.000 | 0.16 | 0.07–0.35 | 0.000 | 0.17 | 0.07–0.37 |
MIUR | 29(34.5) | 0.000 | 0.16 | 0.07–0.39 | 0.000 | 0.16 | 0.07–0.39 |
NCMS | 80(32.1) | 0.000 | 0.15 | 0.07–0.33 | 0.000 | 0.13 | 0.06–0.30 |
Others | 4(50.0) | 0.145 | 0.31 | 0.06–1.50 | 0.161 | 0.32 | 0.07–1.57 |
Need factors | |||||||
Self-rated health | NA | ||||||
Good | 55(31.8) | 1.0 | |||||
Moderate | 97(38.6) | 0.149 | 1.35 | 0.90–2.03 | |||
Bad | 69(36.7) | 0.327 | 1.24 | 0.80–1.92 | |||
Illness in the past 2 weeks | NA | ||||||
Yes | 200(35.6) | 1.0 | |||||
No | 21(42.0) | 0.367 | 1.31 | 0.73–2.36 | |||
NCD in the past 6 months f | |||||||
Yes | 203(35.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
No | 18(52.9) | 0.039 | 2.08 | 1.04–4.16 | 0.027 | 2.24 | 1.10–4.59 |