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Table 2 Study details, length of stay

From: A systematic review of the magnitude and cause of geographic variation in unplanned hospital admission rates and length of stay for ambulatory care sensitive conditions

Paper ID

Condition

Number of Admissions

Geographical Units (N)a

Mean Age (SD)b

Covariate Adjustmentc

Statistical Methods

Tested Cause

Untested Cause

Belgium

        

 Claeys 2013 [55]

MI

2,079

Hospital (33)

62 (13)

None

Raw Data

Case Mix

Discharge Planning

Graphs

Canada

        

 Feagan 2000 [71]

Pneumonia

858

Hospital (20)

69.4 (17.7)

A,S,C,O

Raw Data

Case Mix

Clinical Guidelines

Tables

Hospital Type

PC Access

% Variation Explained

Procedure/Drug Availability

Denmark

        

 Klausen 2012 [21]

Pneumonia

12,753

Hospital (22)

65-74 (32.5 %)

A,S,C

Raw Data

Case Mix

Clinical Guidelines

75-84 (40.6 %)

Graphs

Hospital Size

PC Quality

>85 (26.9 %)

P-Values (Cox Regression)

Condition Volume

Spain

        

 Cabre 2004 [72]

Pneumonia

1,769

Hospital (27)

66.4 (18.1)

A,S,C

Hierarchical Model Variance Estimates

Case Mix

SC Access

SC Quality

Clinical Guidelines

PC Quality

Garau 2008 [73]

Pneumonia

3,233

Hospital (10)

66 (18.5)

A,SC,O

Raw Data

Case Mix

None

Tables

P-Values (Cox Regression)

 Pozo-Rodriguez 2012 [74]

COPD

5,178

Hospital (129)

75 (IQR: 68–80)

None

IQR

None

None

UK

        

 Hosker 2007 [75]

COPD

8,013

Hospital (233)

71 (IQR: 71–74)

None

IQR

None

None

 Price 2006 [27]

COPD

910

Hospital (234)

N/A

A,S,C

IQR

SC Quality

None

ICC

Clinical Guidelines

Hospital Size

 Roberts 2002 [76]

COPD

1,400

Hospital (38)

72

None

Range

Case Mix

SC Quality

IQR

 Rudd 2001 [77]

Stroke

6,894

Health Region (10)

75 (12)

A,O

Raw Data

Case Mix

None

Tables

SC Quality

P-Values (Kruskal-Wallis)

US

        

 Brogan 2012 [78]

Pneumonia

43,819

Hospital (29)

3 (IQR: 1–6)

None

Raw Data

Procedure/Drug Availability

None

Graphs

Range

 Conway 2009 [28]

UTI

20,892

Hospital (25)

1-2 mo (16.7 %)

None

Raw Data

Case Mix

Coding Quality

2-6 mo (29.9 %)

Graphs

Clinical Guidelines

6-24 mo

Condition Volume

(19.1 %)

2-12 y (34.3 %)

 Drye 2012 [79]

Heart Failure

718,508

Hospital (3,135)

>65 (100 %)

None

Raw Data

None

None

Graphs

MI

Range

Pneumonia

 Krumholz 1999 [80]

Heart Failure

905

Hospital (49)

<65 (42 %)

A,S,C,O

Raw Data

Case Mix

SC Quality

>65 (58 %)

Graphs

 

% Variation Explained

  1. aNumber of geographical units
  2. bMean age and standard deviation when available. Other counts represent percentage of patients in each age band
  3. cA: Age, S: Sex, C: Case-Mix, O: Other
  4. dPrimary Care
  5. eSecondary Care