Table 1 Baseline Patient Characteristics

Age, yrs

55.2 ± 17.7

56.4 ± 18.1

0.044

Gender: Male

545 (47.5)

2098 (48.1)

0.716

 Female

602 (52.5)

2262 (51.9)

Race: Caucasian

523 (45.6)

2167 (49.7)

0.034

 African-American

539 (47.0)

1919 (44.0)

 Other

85 (7.4)

273 (6.3)

Median Income, dollars

30037 [24830,36763]

29281 [25118,37470]

0.631

Number of Discharge Medications

7 [4,10]

6 [3,9]

<0.001

Charlson Comorbidity Score

5 [2,8]

3 [1,6]

<0.001

ICU transfer during admission

171 (14.9)

541 (12.4)

0.025

Myocardial Infarction

203 (17.7)

525 (12.0)

<0.001

Congestive Heart Failure

386 (33.7)

929 (21.3)

<0.001

Peripheral Vascular Disease

207 (18.0)

430 (9.9)

<0.001

Cardiovascular Disease

180 (15.7)

508 (11.7)

<0.001

Dementia

37 (3.2)

101 (2.3)

0.080

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

499 (43.5)

1375 (31.5)

<0.001

Connective Tissue Disease

93 (8.1)

222 (5.1)

<0.001

Peptic Ulcer Disease

124 (10.8)

283 (6.5)

<0.001

Cirrhosis

118 (10.3)

208 (4.8)

<0.001

Diabetes Mellitus without complications

260 (22.7)

843 (19.3)

0.012

Diabetes Mellitus with complications

207 (18.0)

433 (9.9)

<0.001

Paralysis

76 (6.6)

173 (4.0)

<0.001

Renal failure

376 (32.8)

873 (20.0)

<0.001

Underlying Malignancy

99 (8.6)

250 (5.7)

<0.001

Lymphoma

29 (2.5)

49 (1.1)

<0.001

Metastatic Cancer

79 (6.9)

184 (4.2)

<0.001

HIV

18 (1.6)

88 (2.0)

0.325

Minimum Hemoglobin, g/dL^a

9.5 ± 2.3

10.4 ± 2.4

<0.001

Maximum Creatinine, mg/dL^a

1.16 [0.81,2.14]

1.00 [0.77,1.50]

<0.001

Length of Stay, days

4.1 [2.2,7.4]

3.0 [1.8,5.6]

<0.001

Emergency Department visit in past 6 months

1 [0,3]

0 [0,2]

<0.001

Admitted from Emergency Dept

817 (71.2)

3066 (70.3)

0.548

Insurance: Private

38 (3.3)

251 (5.8)

<0.001

 Medicare

184 (16.0)

961 (22.0)

 Medicaid

554 (48.3)

1885 (43.2)

 Patient Pay

49 (4.3)

390 (8.9)