Type of intervention | Primary outcomes | Studies analyzing primary outcomes | Studies with significant results | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Web-based management with feedback | ↓HbA1c | 33 | 26 | [68, 70, 77, 87, 89] [36–43, 45, 47, 57, 61, 65–67, 71, 73, 74, 76, 78, 80, 85, 86, 90–92]* [72, 83]NP |
↓SBP | 10 | 3 | ||
↓Cholesterol | 20 | 8 | [38, 44, 45, 47, 57, 66, 74, 78, 85, 86, 92] [36, 43, 67, 70, 80, 89–91]* [71]NP | |
↑# of provider visits | 3 | 1 | ||
↑QOL | 2 | 0 | ||
↑Self-efficacy | 2 | 1 | ||
Phone/SMS/Mail | ↓HbA1c | 6 | 1 | |
↓SBP | 1 | 1 | [47]* | |
↓Cholesterol | 2 | 1 | ||
↑# of provider visits | 2 | 1 | ||
↑Eye exam | 1 | 1 | [58]* | |
↑Foot exam | 1 | 1 | [58]* | |
↓ED visit rate | 2 | 1 | ||
↓Hospitalization rate | 2 | 1 | ||
↑QOL | 4 | 2 | ||
↑Self-efficacy | 2 | 2 | ||
↑SMBG testing | 4 | 2 | ||
Decision support; Evidence based guidelines | ↓HbA1c | 7 | 2 | |
↓SBP | 5 | 2 | ||
↓Cholesterol | 5 | 2 | ||
↑# HbA1c tests | 5 | 5 | ||
↑# of provider visits | 1 | 1 | [28]* | |
↑Eye exam | 5 | 4 | ||
↑Foot exam | 6 | 6 | ||
Registry | ↓HbA1c | 3 | 1 | |
↓SBP | 2 | 0 | ||
↓Cholesterol | 3 | 1 | ||
↑# HbA1c tests | 6 | 3 | ||
↑# of provider visits | 2 | 1 | ||
↓ED visit rate | 1 | 1 | [20]* | |
↓Hospitalization rate | 1 | 1 | [20]* | |
↑Eye exam | 1 | 1 | [52]* | |
↑Foot exam | 1 | 1 | [52]* | |
↑QOL | 1 | 0 | [20] | |
Personal health records | ↓HbA1c | 2 | 1 | |
↓SBP | 1 | 0 | [54] | |
↓Cholesterol | 2 | 0 | ||
↑# HbA1c tests | 1 | 0 | [54] | |
↑Eye exam | 1 | 0 | [54] | |
↑Foot exam | 1 | 1 | [54]* |