From: Care-seeking at patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Nigeria
 | Discussed illness (1) | Sick person was examined (2) | Self/family/friend recommended drug (3) | Ln (cost)a (4) | Had problems paying (5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms reported | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Fever (ref: no fever) | 2.738*** | 2.216*** | 0.353*** | 0.816*** | 2.404*** |
 | [2.119 – 3.539] | [1.397 – 3.516] | [0.271 – 0.460] | [0.717 – 0.915] | [1.587 – 3.642] |
Diarrhea (ref: no diarrhea) | 1.351 | 0.605 | 0.739 | −0.225*** | 0.990 |
 | [0.935 - 1.951] | [0.251 - 1.462] | [0.514 - 1.062] | [-0.369 - -0.081] | [0.526 - 1.861] |
Headache (ref: no headache) | 0.786** | 1.084 | 1.367*** | −0.224*** | 0.753 |
[0.626 - 0.988] | [0.684 - 1.718] | [1.096 - 1.706] | [-0.311 - -0.137] | [0.493 - 1.150] | |
Cough/cold (ref: no cough/cold) | 1.688*** | 0.500** | 0.686*** | 0.323*** | 1.969*** |
[1.294 - 2.202] | [0.267 - 0.935] | [0.528 - 0.891] | [0.221 - 0.426] | [1.263 - 3.071] | |
Age (ref: 19-25) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
13-18 | 0.631** | 0.420* | 0.974 | −0.281*** | 0.418** |
 | [0.441 – 0.903] | [0.169 – 1.044] | [0.699 – 1.355] | [-0.412 - -0.151] | [0.202 – 0.867] |
26-40 | 1.282* | 0.996 | 0.932 | 0.086 | 1.244 |
 | [0.981 – 1.674] | [0.590 – 1.682] | [0.716 – 1.213] | [-0.017 – 0.189] | [0.772 – 2.007] |
41+ | 1.367* | 0.551* | 0.906 | 0.135** | 1.887** |
 | [0.989 - 1.891] | [0.291 - 1.044] | [0.658 - 1.248] | [0.009 - 0.261] | [1.072 - 3.324] |
Education (ref: secondary) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary | 1.580*** | 2.231*** | 0.749** | −0.060 | 1.062 |
 | [1.183 - 2.112] | [1.262 - 3.942] | [0.565 - 0.991] | [-0.170 - 0.050] | [0.652 - 1.730] |
Higher | 1.327* | 1.248 | 0.972 | 0.063 | 0.488** |
 | [0.996 - 1.770] | [0.687 - 2.267] | [0.729 - 1.295] | [-0.048 - 0.175] | [0.274 - 0.867] |
Wealth (ref: third quintile) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poorest | 0.896 | 1.378 | 0.725 | 0.038 | 3.036*** |
 | [0.598 - 1.342] | [0.620 - 3.061] | [0.490 - 1.074] | [-0.117 - 0.193] | [1.569 - 5.874] |
Second | 1.034 | 0.836 | 0.690** | 0.026 | 1.667* |
 | [0.745 - 1.436] | [0.417 - 1.675] | [0.500 - 0.952] | [-0.099 - 0.151] | [0.949 - 2.929] |
Fourth | 1.119 | 0.871 | 0.690** | 0.168*** | 0.777 |
 | [0.813 - 1.540] | [0.451 - 1.682] | [0.505 - 0.943] | [0.047 - 0.290] | [0.415 - 1.455] |
Richest | 1.023 | 1.130 | 0.718** | 0.279*** | 0.866 |
 | [0.729 - 1.436] | [0.559 - 2.284] | [0.516 - 0.999] | [0.151 - 0.408] | [0.452 - 1.662] |
Lives in community (ref: lives outside community) | 0.948 | 0.819 | 0.805 | −0.202*** | 1.145 |
[0.695 - 1.294] | [0.452 - 1.486] | [0.591 - 1.096] | [-0.322 - -0.081] | [0.677 - 1.935] | |
Clinic near home (ref: no clinic near home) | 1.047 | 1.430 | 0.988 | 0.056 | 1.021 |
[0.826 - 1.327] | [0.860 - 2.378] | [0.786 - 1.243] | [-0.036 - 0.149] | [0.665 - 1.567] | |
Sick person age (ref: 18+) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<5 | 0.890 | 0.452 | 0.855 | 0.455*** | 2.240** |
 | [0.579 – 1.368] | [0.175 – 1.166] | [0.554 – 1.321] | [0.293 – 0.617] | [1.194 – 4.202] |
5-17 | 1.375* | 0.839 | 0.823 | 0.210*** | 1.538 |
 | [0.947 - 1.998] | [0.355 - 1.985] | [0.572 - 1.183] | [0.070 - 0.350] | [0.815 - 2.900] |
Sick person is <18 and present at PPMV (ref: not present or 18+) | 4.739*** | 23.400*** | 0.224*** | 0.323*** | 2.063** |
[2.885 - 7.785] | [9.799 - 55.883] | [0.131 - 0.383] | [0.152 - 0.495] | [1.094 - 3.891] | |
Sick person is male <18 (ref: female or 18+) | 0.952 | 1.053 | 0.889 | −0.125 | 0.557* |
[0.629 - 1.440] | [0.529 - 2.098] | [0.583 - 1.354] | [-0.277 - 0.027] | [0.309 - 1.004] | |
Diagnosed by formally trained person (ref: not diagnosed by formally trained person) | 0.720* | 1.627 | 0.072*** | 0.669*** | 1.466 |
[0.492 - 1.053] | [0.844 - 3.139] | [0.040 - 0.127] | [0.523 - 0.815] | [0.806 - 2.668] | |
N | 2155 | 2154 | 2155 | 2152 | 2120 |