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Table 3 Logistic regressions predicting the diagnosis by a formally trained person and time waited before visiting the PPMV (odds ratios)

From: Care-seeking at patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Nigeria

 

Diagnosed by a formally trained person

Waited 2+ days before visiting the PPMV

 

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

Symptoms reported

    

Fever (ref: no fever)

2.112***

[1.428 - 3.123]

2.751***

[2.082 - 3.636]

Diarrhea (ref: no diarrhea)

0.620

[0.298 - 1.288]

0.925

[0.640 - 1.335]

Headache (ref: no headache)

0.645**

[0.427 - 0.974]

0.567***

[0.456 - 0.706]

Cough/cold (ref: no cough/cold)

0.604**

[0.366 - 0.997]

2.055***

[1.555 - 2.716]

Male (ref: female)

1.063

[0.734 - 1.541]

0.982

[0.800 - 1.205]

Age (ref: 19-25)

    

13-18

0.720

[0.356 - 1.455]

0.815

[0.585 - 1.135]

26-40

1.343

[0.835 - 2.161]

1.004

[0.770 - 1.311]

41+

1.973**

[1.112 - 3.500]

1.092

[0.787 - 1.513]

Education (ref: secondary)

    

Primary

0.523**

[0.284 - 0.964]

0.946

[0.711 - 1.259]

Higher

1.063

[0.681 - 1.658]

0.967

[0.724 - 1.292]

Tribe (ref: Ebira)

    

Fulani

1.144

[0.334 - 3.916]

0.655

[0.344 - 1.249]

Igala

0.685

[0.345 - 1.364]

0.622**

[0.394 - 0.980]

Yoruba

0.528

[0.240 - 1.161]

0.805

[0.485 - 1.337]

Other

0.680

[0.344 - 1.346]

0.666*

[0.416 - 1.068]

Wealth (ref: third quintile)

    

Poorest

0.421*

[0.177 - 1.005]

1.725***

[1.146 - 2.595]

Second

0.866

[0.468 - 1.602]

1.186

[0.856 - 1.643]

Fourth

2.073***

[1.205 - 3.567]

0.793

[0.583 - 1.080]

Richest

2.017**

[1.142 - 3.563]

1.149

[0.823 - 1.604]

Lives in community (ref: lives outside community)

0.724

[0.432 - 1.213]

1.027

[0.752 - 1.401]

Clinic near home (ref: no clinic near home)

1.558*

[0.999 - 2.430]

0.977

[0.772 - 1.236]

Sick person age (ref: 18+)

    

<5

1.435

[0.780 - 2.640]

1.441*

[0.952 - 2.181]

6-17

0.658

[0.327 - 1.323]

0.944

[0.663 - 1.345]

Sick person is male <18 (ref: female or 18+)

1.242

[0.640 - 2.412]

1.132

[0.737 - 1.740]

Diagnosed by formally trained person (ref: not diagnosed by formally trained person)

3.556***

[2.213 - 5.715]

  

Kogi (ref: Kwara)

1.113

[0.549 - 2.257]

1.162

[0.785 - 1.719]

Location (ref: urban)

    

Peri-urban

1.384

[0.778 - 2.460]

0.972

[0.706 - 1.339]

Rural

1.392

[0.741 - 2.615]

1.324

[0.937 - 1.870]

N

2189

 

2189

 
  1. ref = reference
  2. ***p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.10
  3. Standard errors are clustered at the shop level. 95 % confidence intervals in brackets