Skip to main content

Table 3 Correlates of frequent ED utilization

From: Travel distances, socioeconomic characteristics, and health disparities in nonurgent and frequent use of Hospital Emergency Departments in South Carolina: a population-based observational study

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Variables

Log visits NE ≥ 0.75

Log visits PCT ≥ 0.75

Log visits PCP ≥ 0.75

Log visits EUA ≥ 0.75

Age

    

≤1

0.00436

0.151**

0.0344**

−0.0668**

 

(0.00488)

(0.00382)

(0.00804)

(0.00729)

1 – 17

0.0961**

0.0601**

0.107**

−0.00123

 

(0.00413)

(0.00367)

(0.00704)

(0.00477)

18 – 34

0.260**

0.124**

0.148**

0.0933**

 

(0.00388)

(0.00352)

(0.00682)

(0.00365)

35 – 64

0.216**

0.118**

0.127**

0.0658**

 

(0.00364)

(0.00323)

(0.00588)

(0.00312)

Gender

    

Female

0.101**

0.0317**

−0.0272**

−0.0152**

 

(0.00146)

(0.00130)

(0.00299)

(0.00173)

Race/Ethnicity

    

African American

0.00992**

0.0262**

0.135**

−0.0220**

 

(0.00145)

(0.00133)

(0.00307)

(0.00196)

Asian

−0.147**

−0.0755**

−0.0311

−0.0570**

 

(0.0119)

(0.0109)

(0.0262)

(0.0147)

Native American

−0.106**

−0.0547**

0.0431

−0.0423

 

(0.0172)

(0.0149)

(0.0373)

(0.0240)

Hispanic

−0.139**

−0.0748**

−0.0133

−0.0705**

 

(0.00437)

(0.00393)

(0.0106)

(0.00661)

Other race

−0.134**

−0.0741**

−0.0117

−0.0711**

 

(0.00502)

(0.00463)

(0.0119)

(0.00689)

Expected source of payment

    

Self-pay

0.0811**

0.0592**

0.0608**

0.0420**

 

(0.00189)

(0.00183)

(0.00440)

(0.00247)

Medicare

0.126**

0.0984**

0.0790**

0.0341**

 

(0.00321)

(0.00294)

(0.00565)

(0.00307)

Medicaid

0.162**

0.125**

0.112**

0.0697**

 

(0.00211)

(0.00189)

(0.00436)

(0.00319)

HMO

−0.0187**

−0.00775*

0.00207

0.00717

 

(0.00390)

(0.00378)

(0.00858)

(0.00427)

Other payer

−0.00316

−0.00810*

0.0168*

0.00362

 

(0.00357)

(0.00356)

(0.00812)

(0.00419)

Average ED Distance

−0.000727**

−0.000781**

−0.000831**

2.68e-05

 

(4.94e-05)

(4.89e-05)

(0.000108)

(5.11e-05)

Constant

−0.0140**

0.0421**

0.0673**

0.0789**

 

(0.00400)

(0.00356)

(0.00684)

(0.00346)

Observations

539,376

441,688

121,310

176,652

R-squared

0.049

0.027

0.036

0.015

  1. Standard errors in parentheses
  2. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05
Back to article page

BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us