Table 3 Factors associated with adherence to ART
Variables | Adherent (≥95%) | Non Adherent (<95%) | P-valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 383 | % | n = 21 | % | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 198 | 51.7 | 12 | 57.1 | 0.454 |
Female | 183 | 47.8 | 9 | 42.9 | |
Third gender | 2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Age | |||||
<35 years | 172 | 45 | 7 | 33.3 | 0.772 |
≥35 years | 211 | 55 | 14 | 66.7 | |
Residence (according to region) | |||||
Eastern | 34 | 8.9 | 3 | 14.3 | 0.116 |
Central | 107 | 27.9 | 10 | 47.6 | |
Western | 118 | 30.8 | 3 | 14.3 | |
Far western | 110 | 28.7 | 5 | 23.8 | |
Mid western | 14 | 3.7 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Caste (ethnicity) | |||||
Brahmin | 44 | 11.5 | 3 | 14.3 | 0.560 |
Chettry | 112 | 29.2 | 5 | 23.8 | |
Tharu | 7 | 1.8 | 2 | 9.5 | |
Dalit | 63 | 16.5 | 3 | 14.3 | |
Janjati | 136 | 35.5 | 8 | 38.1 | |
Others | 21 | 5.5 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Religion | |||||
Hindu | 305 | 79.6 | 19 | 90.5 | 0.305 |
Buddhist | 45 | 11.7 | 2 | 9.5 | |
Muslim | 10 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Christian | 20 | 5.3 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Others | 3 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 319 | 83.3 | 18 | 85.7 | 0.772 |
Un married | 39 | 10.2 | 3 | 14.3 | |
Divorced | 2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Separated | 11 | 2.9 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Others | 12 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Education | |||||
Primary | 67 | 17.5 | 8 | 38.1 | 0.018* |
Lower secondary | 60 | 15.7 | 5 | 23.8 | |
Secondary | 63 | 16.4 | 3 | 14.3 | |
Higher secondary or higher | 25 | 6.5 | 5 | 23.8 | |
Can’t read and write | 105 | 27.4 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Read and write | 63 | 16.4 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Family income source | |||||
Agriculture | 163 | 42.6 | 8 | 38.1 | 0.707 |
Service | 88 | 23.0 | 8 | 38.1 | |
Business | 44 | 11.5 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Labour | 49 | 12.8 | 4 | 19.0 | |
Others | 39 | 10.2 | 1 | 4.8 | |
Family total income (NRs) /month # | |||||
<5000 | 181 | 47.3 | 8 | 38.1 | 0.337 |
5000-9999 | 123 | 32.1 | 4 | 19.0 | |
>10000 | 79 | 20.6 | 9 | 42.9 | |
Employment status | |||||
Employed | 249 | 65.0 | 14 | 66.7 | 0.419 |
Unemployed | 134 | 35.0 | 7 | 33.3 | |
Time to reach ART clinic | |||||
<30 minutes | 107 | 27.9 | 9 | 42.9 | 0.936 |
30 minutes −1 hour | 105 | 27.4 | 3 | 14.3 | |
1-2 hours | 80 | 20.9 | 3 | 14.3 | |
>2 hours | 91 | 23.8 | 6 | 28.6 | |
Alcohol habit | |||||
Never | 356 | 93.0 | 19 | 90.5 | |
Once a month | 10 | 2.6 | 0 | 0.0 | |
1-4 times a week | 10 | 0.3 | 2 | 9.5 | |
Almost daily | 4 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Daily | 3 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Smoking habit | |||||
No | 307 | 80.2 | 15 | 71.4 | 0.448 |
Yes | 76 | 19.8 | 6 | 28.6 | |
Drug uses** habit | |||||
No | 358 | 94.2 | 16 | 76.2 | 0.039* |
Yes | 25 | 5.8 | 5 | 23.8 | |
Disclosure of HIV status | |||||
Yes | 305 | 79.6 | 13 | 61.9 | 0.180 |
No | 78 | 20.4 | 8 | 38.1 | |
Infected duration | |||||
<1 year | 78 | 20.4 | 4 | 19.0 | 0.283 |
1-4 years | 218 | 56.9 | 9 | 42.9 | |
≥5 years | 87 | 22.7 | 8 | 38.1 | |
Treatment duration | |||||
<1 year | 153 | 39.9 | 8 | 38.1 | 0.480 |
1-4 years | 216 | 56.4 | 11 | 52.4 | |
≥5 years | 14 | 3.7 | 2 | 9.5 | |
Thought of leaving medication | |||||
No | 341 | 89.0 | 16 | 76.2 | 0.180 |
Yes | 42 | 11.0 | 5 | 23.8 | |
Environment of ART clinic | |||||
Very good | 220 | 57.4 | 11 | 52.4 | 0.004* |
Good | 62 | 16.2 | 3 | 14.3 | |
Satisfactory | 1 | 0.3 | 2 | 9.5 | |
Not good | 100 | 26.1 | 5 | 23.8 | |
Medium of travel mode | |||||
Walking | 48 | 12.5 | 2 | 9.5 | 0.898 |
Bus | 258 | 67.4 | 15 | 71.4 | |
Own vehicle | 21 | 5.5 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Rickshaw or Bicycle | 49 | 12.8 | 4 | 19.0 | |
Others | 7 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Satisfaction from ART clinic | |||||
Yes | 366 | 95.6 | 21 | 100 | |
No | 17 | 4.4 | 0 | 0.0 | |