| |
Long-acting opioids
|
Short-acting less potent opioids
|
Short-acting more potent opioids
|
|---|
| |
%
|
%
|
%
|
|---|
|
Pregabalin
| | | |
|
Pre-index
|
7.8
|
51.6
|
15.7
|
|
Post-index
|
10.1
|
53.8
|
17.5
|
|
Difference
|
+2.2
|
+2.2
|
+1.8
|
|
Duloxetine
| | | |
|
Pre-index
|
7.0
|
49.6
|
16.6
|
|
Post-index
|
10.1
|
50.9
|
19.3
|
|
Difference
|
+3.1
|
+1.3
|
+2.7
|
|
Difference-in-difference comparison**
|
2.2 versus 3.1
|
2.2 versus 1.3
|
1.8 versus 2.7
|
|
Statistical Difference**
|
t = −1.08, p = 0.281
|
t = 0.23, p = 0.816
|
t = −0.28, p = 0.782
|
- *Defined as one or more opioid prescription fills during period.
- **Difference in Difference t-statistic derived from a generalized linear mixed model with a logit link and binary distribution adjusting for baseline demographics, Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index, and pre- and post-index non-opioid pain medication utilization.
