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Table 3 Direct medical costs for atypical and typical cohorts during 12-month follow-up period (in 2009 US$)

From: Health care resource utilization and direct medical costs for patients with schizophrenia initiating treatment with atypical versus typical antipsychotics in Tianjin, China

Variable

Before matching

After matching

Atypical cohort N = 648

Typical cohort N = 483

Diff

p-value

Atypical cohort N = 400

Typical cohort N = 400

Diff

p-value

Total costs

1661 (2224)

1892 (2465)

−231

0.100

1711 (2240)

1868 (2450)

−157

0.341

Medication costs

438 (626)

187 (337)

251

<0.001

409 (526)

172 (334)

237

<0.001

Antipsychotic medication

288 (431)

63 (216)

225

<0.001

268 (343)

64 (230)

204

<0.001

Concomitant medication

73 (266)

42 (98)

31

0.014

61 (194)

40 (99)

20

0.064

Other medication#

77 (197)

82 (213)

−5

0.680

81 (207)

68 (189)

13

0.344

Medical costs

1223 (2058)

1704 (2344)

−482

<0.001

1302 (2097)

1696 (2325)

−394

0.011

Costs of inpatient services ##

1213 (2061)

1699 (2346)

−486

<0.001

1292 (2099)

1692 (2327)

−399

0.010

Non-medication treatment costs

667 (1186)

992 (1443)

−325

<0.001

716 (1223)

977 (1422)

−262

0.005

Laboratory and diagnostic cost

254 (456)

388 (548)

−134

<0.001

278 (477)

393 (546)

−115

0.001

Other inpatient services

292 (539)

319 (476)

−27

0.384

299 (516)

321 (482)

−22

0.528

Costs of outpatient services

10 (28)

5 (26)

5

0.004

9 (25)

4 (11)

5

<0.001

  1. Two-sample t-tests for unmatched samples and paired t-tests for matched samples. P-values in bold indicates statistical significance.
  2. # Other medication corresponded to any other medication except antipsychotic and concomitant medication, which included antihypertension medication, hypoglycemic medication, antibiotics, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs, digestive system drugs, respiratory system drugs, antineoplastic drugs, etc.
  3. ## Non-medication treatment costs corresponded to the costs of any other treatment except medication, which included nursing, monitoring, psychotherapy, behavior training and intervention, etc. Laboratory and diagnostic costs referred to the costs of physical examinations and biochemical tests. Costs of other medical services included blood transfusion, medical consumable, air conditioning and heating fees.