Table 1 Characteristics of survivors by mental health service (MHS) utilization 5–15 months after the Utøya attack
MHS utilization (n=280) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 192) | No (n = 88) | |||
Characteristics | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | |
Female (n = 280) | 99 (51.6) | 33 (37.5) | 0.029 | |
Minor (<18 years) (n = 280) | 93 (48.4) | 35 (39.8) | 0.177 | |
Non-Norwegian origin (n = 274) | 20 (10.6) | 6 (7.0) | 0.337 | |
Living alone (n = 278) | 43 (22.4) | 24 (27.9) | 0.321 | |
Financially disadvantaged (n = 273) | 39 (20.6) | 16 (19.0) | 0.763 | |
Peripheral home municipality (n = 278) | 27 (14.1) | 10 (11.5) | 0.548 | |
Relocation 0–5 months after attack (n = 249) | 20 (12.0) | 13 (15.9) | 0.396 | |
Relocation 0–15 months after attack (n = 280) | 43 (22.4) | 28 (31.8) | 0.092 | |
Injured (n = 273) | 46 (24.7) | 10 (11.5) | 0.012 | |
Death of someone close (n = 280) | 137 (71.4) | 62 (70.5) | 0.878 | |
PTSD at T1 (n = 251) | Full | 21 (12.4) | 7 (8.5) | 0.034 |
Partial | 64 (37.9) | 20 (24.4) | ||
No | 84 (49.7) | 55 (67.1) | ||
PTSD at T2 (n = 280) | Full | 16 (8.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0.015 |
Partial | 40 (20.8) | 10 (11.4) | ||
No | 136 (70.8) | 76 (86.4) | ||
Mental distress | T1 (n = 251) | 89 (52.7) | 23 (28.0) | <0.001 |
T2 (n = 280) | 62 (32.3) | 18 (20.5) | 0.042 | |
Sleep problems | T1 (n = 250) | 81 (48.2) | 18 (22.0) | <0.001 |
T2 (n = 277) | 59 (31.1) | 14 (16.1) | 0.009 | |
Continuous variables | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | ||
Mean sum of exposure (0–13) (n = 275) | 8.44 (2.29) | 8.13 (2.12) | 0.281 | |
Social support | T1 (n = 251) | 4.52 (0.61) | 4.62 (0.47) | 0.125 |
T2 (n = 280) | 4.54 (0.59) | 4.58 (0.62) | 0.677 | |
Somatic symptoms | T1 (n = 251) | 1.82 (0.58) | 1.54 (0.43) | <0.001 |
T2 (n = 280) | 1.75 (0.54) | 1.41 (0.37) | <0.001 | |